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Shareאִישׁ֩ כִּֽי־יִדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר לַֽה׳ אֽוֹ־הִשָּׁ֤בַע שְׁבֻעָה֙ לֶאְסֹ֤ר אִסָּר֙ עַל־נַפְשׁ֔וֹ לֹ֥א יַחֵ֖ל דְּבָר֑וֹ כְּכָל־הַיֹּצֵ֥א מִפִּ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃
If a man makes a neder to Hashem or takes a shevu'a imposing an obligation on himself, he shall not profane his word; he must carry out all that has emerged from his mouth.
מתני׳ כל כינויי נדרים כנדרים וחרמים כחרמים ושבועות כשבועות ונזירות כנזירות
MISHNA: All substitutes for the language of nedarim are like nedarim. Substitutes for the language of charamim are like charamim, substitutes for the language of shevuos are like shevu'os ...
The Gemara asks ... let the mishna teach the halakha with regard to substitutes for the language of shevuos immediately after the case of substitutes for the language of nedarim. The Gemara answers: Since it taught the case of nedarim, whereby an object becomes forbidden to one, it then taught also the case of charamim, whereby an object becomes forbidden to one. This is to the exclusion of an oath, whereby one prohibits oneself from making use of an object.
MISHNA: If one says: I take an oath that I will not sleep, or: That I will not speak, or: That I will not walk, this activity is prohibited to him.
מתני׳ זה חומר בשבועות מבנדרים
MISHNA: This rule is a stringency of shevuos vis-à-vis nedarim
שבועה שאיני ישן שאיני מדבר וכו' - דשבועה חלה על דבר שאין בו ממש:
...Since a shevuos can take effect on a thing which does not have actual substance
... וחומר בנדרים מבשבועות כיצד אמר קונם סוכה שאני עושה לולב שאני נוטל תפילין שאני מניח בנדרים אסור בשבועות מותר שאין נשבעין לעבור על המצות:
MISHNA: ... And there is also a stringency of nedarim vis-à-vis shevuos. How so? The sukka which I am making is konam (consecrated) for me, or: the lulav I am making is konam for me, or: The tefillin I am putting on are a konam for me, in the case of nedarim, the items are rendered forbidden, and he may not perform the mitzva until the vow is dissolved. However, in the case of similar shevuos, these items are permitted, as one cannot take an shevua to transgress mitzvos.
"The banana is like the apple"
נדר. הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי קוֹנָם שֶׁלֹּא אֹכַל אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא אֶעֱשֶׂה דָבָר פְּלוֹנִי; יָכוֹל אֲפִלּוּ נִשְׁבַּע שֶׁיֹּאכַל נְבֵלוֹת אֲנִי קוֹרֵא עָלָיו כְּכָל הַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיו יַעֲשֶׂה? תַּ"ל לאסר אסר — לֶאֱסֹר אֶת הַמֻּתָּר וְלֹא לְהַתִּיר אֶת הָאָסוּר (ספרי):
נדר A neder — This is when one says, Behold, I take upon myself an konam that I will not eat, or that I will not do such-and-such a thing. — One may have thought that if ones swears that he will eat the flesh of an animal which has not been slaughtered properly that we say, “He shall do according to all that emerges from his mouth”! The verse, however, says, “to forbid something to himself”, i.e., to forbid for himself something which is permissible to him — and not to make permissible that which is forbidden to him (Sifrei Bamidbar 153:4).
The above, quoted from the Sifrei, seems only to be true of shevuos. The phrase doesn't seem to be modifying the first half of the verse, i.e. nedarim. If so, why does Rashi use it to comment on Nedarim?