The Chronology of Chanuka - A Timeline (2nd temple overview and then Chanuka)
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Share2nd TEMPLE TIMELINE
| 3338/423 B.C.E. | Destruction of First Temple and beginning of Babylonian Exile |
| 3389/372 B.C.E. | Babylon falls to Medes and Persians under Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Great of Persia |
| 3391/370 B.C.E. | Cyrus reigns, permits Jews to return to Eretz Yisrael |
| 3408/353 B.C.E. | Darius the Persian permits Jews to rebuild Temple |
| 3442/319 B.C.E. | Beginning of Greek era |
| 3448/313 B.C.E. | Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty rules Eretz Yisrael |
| 3562/199 B.C.E. | Antiochus III the Great, scion of the Seleucid dynasty and ruler of Syria, wrests Eretz Yisrael from Egypt |
| 3571/190 B.C.E. | Rome defeats Antiochus III at Magnesia |
| 3586/175 B.C.E. | Antiochus IV reigns |
| 3594/168 B.C.E. | Desecration of Temple by Antiochus |
| 3597/165 B.C.E. | Conquest of Temple by Hasmoneans; the miracle of Chanukah |
| 3598/163 B.C.E. | Antiochus IV dies |
| 3599/162 B.C.E. | His son, Antiochus V, besieges Jerusalem |
| 3600/161 B.C.E. | Demetrius I (son of Seleucus IV) rules; Alcimus appointed Kohen Gadol; defeat and death of Syrian general Nikanor (13 Adar) |
| 3601 /160 B.C.E. | Yehudah killed in battle; Yonasan elected leader of the Jewish rebellion |
| 3602/159 B.C.E. | Alcimus dies |
| 3609/152 B.C.E. | Alexander (Balas) I, alleged son of Antiochus IV, contests rule of Demetrius I; both recognize Yonasan as Kohen Gadol |
| 3610/151 B.C.E. | Alexander I rules |
| 3614/147 B.C.E | Alexander I deposed (by Ptolemy IV king of Egypt); Demetrius II (son of Demetrius I) rules |
| 3617/144 B.C.E. | Tryphon deposes Demetrius II (who escapes), and rules on (approx.) behalf of the infant Antiochus VI (son of Alexander I) |
| 3619/142 B.C.E. | Tryphon tricks Yonasan and kills him; Shimon takes over Kehunah Gedolah, proclaims himself ‘Prince of the Jews’ |
| 3619/142 B.C.E. | Tryphon kills Antiochus VI and proclaims himself king |
| 3621/140 B.C.E. | Sanhedrin and the People proclaim Shimon ‘Prince of the Jews’ 18 Elul). |
| 3621-3725/140-36 B.C.E. | Rule of the Hasmonean dynasty (Shimon, Yochanan Hyrkanos, Yehudah Aristobulus, Alexander Yannai, Queen Alexandra Hyrkanos and Aristobulus) |
| 3630/131 B.C.E. | Yochanan Hyrkanos forms an alliance with Antiochus VII |
| 3632/129 B.C.E. | Antiochus VII dies |
| 3698/63 B.C.E. | Roman consul Pompei conquers Jerusalem |
| 3725-3828/36 B.C.E.-68 C.E. | Rule of Herodian dynasty and Roman governors (Herod, Archelaus, Roman governors, Agrippa I, Roman governors) |
| 3828/68 C.E. | Destruction of Second Temple by Romans (according to some, the year was 3829) |
| OVERVIEW OF CHANUKAH PERIOD | DATE |
| Athens defeats Persia at Marathon | 490 BCE |
| Plato; Greek philosophy | 400 BCE |
| Sparta defeats Athens | 352 BCE |
| Philip of Macedon rules Greece | 338 BCE |
| Alexander the Great rules Greece | 336 BCE |
| Alexander dies; | |
| Ptolemies control Egypt and Israel | 323 BCE |
| Selucid Syrian/Greeks conquer Israel | 199 BCE |
| Greek decrees against Judaism; | |
| Desecration of Temple | 168 BCE |
| Matitiyahu begins revolt in Modi’in | 167 BCE |
| Matitiyahu dies; Judah Maccabee leads | |
| War against Greeks | 166 BCE |
| Temple recaptured; | |
| Miracle of oil occurs | 165 BCE |
| Jewish war against the Greek continues | 165-140 BCE |
| Hasmonean dynasty | 140-36 BCE |
| Rome conquers Jerusalem | 63 BCE |