Moed Katan 4a - Hachké bimé gechamim bemoed
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בִּשְׁלָמָא מֵי קִילוֹן אִיכָּא טִירְחָא יַתִּירָא אֶלָּא מֵי גְּשָׁמִים מַאי טִירְחָא אִיכָּא אָמַר רַבִּי אִילְעָא אָמַר יוֹחָנָן גְּזֵירָה מֵי גְשָׁמִים אַטּוּ מֵי קִילוֹן רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר מֵי גְשָׁמִים גּוּפַיְיהוּ לִידֵי מֵי קִילוֹן אָתוּ וְקָמִיפַּלְגִי בִּדְרַבִּי זֵירָא דְּאָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר יִרְמְיָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל נְהָרוֹת הַמּוֹשְׁכִין מַיִם מִן הָאֲגַמִּים מוּתָּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת מֵהֶן בְּחוּלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד מָר אִית לֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי זֵירָא וּמָר לֵית לֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי זֵירָא גּוּפָא אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר יִרְמְיָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל נְהָרוֹת הַמּוֹשְׁכִין מַיִם מִן הָאֲגַמִּים מוּתָּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת מֵהֶן בְּחוּלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה לְרַבִּי זֵירָא אֲבָל לֹא מִמֵּי גְשָׁמִים וְלֹא מִמֵּי קִילוֹן אֲמַר לֵיהּ יִרְמְיָה בְּרִי הָנֵי אַגַּמִּים דְּבָבֶל כְּמַיָּא דְּלָא פָּסְקִי דָּמוּ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן הַפְּסִיקוֹת וְהַבְּרֵיכוֹת שֶׁנִּתְמַלְּאוּ מַיִם מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב אָסוּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת מֵהֶן בְּחוּלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד וְאִם הָיְתָה אַמַּת הַמַּיִם עוֹבֶרֶת בֵּינֵיהֶן מוּתָּר אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא וְהוּא שֶׁרוּבָּהּ שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ שָׂדֶה שׁוֹתָה מֵאוֹתָהּ אַמַּת הַמַּיִם רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין רוּבָּהּ שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ שָׂדֶה שׁוֹתָה כֵּיוָן דְּקָא מָשְׁכָא וְאָתְיָא מֵימָר אָמַר אִי לָא שָׁתְיָא לְחַד יוֹמָא תִּשְׁתֵּי לִתְרֵי וּתְלָתָא יוֹמֵי תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן בְּרֵיכָה שֶׁנּוֹטֶפֶת מַיִם מִשְּׂדֵה בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין זוֹ מוּתָּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת מִמֶּנָּה שְׂדֵה בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין אַחֶרֶת וְהָא עֲבִידָא דְּפָסְקָא אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה וַעֲדַיִין הִיא מְטַפְטֶפֶת אָמַר אַבָּיֵי וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא פָּסַק מַעְיָין רִאשׁוֹן תַּנְיָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אוֹמֵר שְׁתֵּי עֲרוּגוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ לֹא יִדְלֶה מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה וְיַשְׁקֶה אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה יוֹתֵר עַל כֵּן אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר שִׁמְעוֹן אֲפִילּוּ עֲרוּגָה אַחַת חֶצְיָהּ נָמוּךְ וְחֶצְיָהּ גָּבוֹהַּ לֹא יִדְלֶה מִמָּקוֹם נָמוּךְ וְיַשְׁקֶה לְמָקוֹם גָּבוֹהַּ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן מַדְלִין לִירָקוֹת כְּדֵי לְאוֹכְלָן וְאִם בִּשְׁבִיל לְיַיפּוֹתָן אָסוּר
that entered into the Sabbatical Year, i.e., plowing in the sixth year that will benefit crops growing in the seventh year, and reaping the crops of the Sabbatical Year that continued into the conclusion of the Sabbatical Year, i.e., reaping seventh-year produce that continued to grow into the eighth year. Rabbi Yishmael says that this verse is to be understood as referring to Shabbat and not to the Sabbatical Year, in accordance with the straightforward meaning of the verse. It teaches as follows: Just as only optional plowing is prohibited on Shabbat, as there is no instance where plowing fulfills a biblical mitzva, so too, only optional reaping is prohibited, to the exclusion of the reaping of the omer offering, which is a mitzva, and consequently permitted on Shabbat. Nonetheless, the first opinion cited in the baraita, that of Rabbi Akiva, holds that the prohibition against plowing on the eve of the Sabbatical Year is derived from an explicit verse. Rather, Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: When we learned this as a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai, it was to permit plowing in the case of young saplings until Rosh HaShana. In contrast, the verses that were cited come to prohibit plowing in the case of mature and well-rooted trees thirty days before Rosh HaShana of the Sabbatical Year. The Gemara asks: But since the halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai comes to permit plowing in the case of young saplings until Rosh HaShana, does it not automatically follow that in the case of mature trees, plowing is prohibited before Rosh HaShana? Therefore, not only the allowance, but the prohibition as well was learned by tradition as a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai, and not from the verses. Rather, the halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai is the basis of the prohibition against plowing on the eve of the Sabbatical Year according to the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael, who interprets the verse as referring to Shabbat, and not to the Sabbatical Year, whereas the verses are the basis of the prohibition according to the opinion of Rabbi Akiva. The Gemara previously cited Rabbi Yitzḥak, who explained how Rabban Gamliel’s court nullified the extension to the prohibition against plowing before the Sabbatical Year that had been enacted by Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel. The Gemara now cites another opinion, which holds that Rabban Gamliel’s court abolished the prohibition against plowing before the Sabbatical Year entirely. And Rabbi Yoḥanan said that Rabban Gamliel and his court nullified the restrictions on working the land on the eve of the Sabbatical Year based on a source written in the Torah. What is the reason? He derives it by means of a verbal analogy between the word Shabbat stated with regard to the Sabbatical Year in the verse: “But in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land” (Leviticus 25:4), and the word Shabbat stated with regard to the weekly Shabbat, which commemorates the Shabbat of Creation. Just as there, on Shabbat itself it is prohibited to perform labor, but before and after Shabbat it is permitted, so too here, in the case of the Sabbatical Year, during the Sabbatical Year itself it is prohibited to perform labor, but before and after the Sabbatical Year it is permitted. Rav Ashi strongly objects to this: If Rabban Gamliel and his court nullified the restrictions based on a verbal analogy, then according to the one who said that the prohibition against plowing thirty days before Rosh HaShana of the Sabbatical Year is a halakha that was transmitted to Moses from Sinai, can a verbal analogy come and uproot a halakha that was transmitted to Moses from Sinai? And similarly, according to the one who said that the prohibition against plowing is derived from a verse, can a verbal analogy come and uproot a verse? Rather, Rav Ashi said: Rabban Gamliel and his court held in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael, who said that they learned this prohibition as a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai. But they learned this halakha only with regard to the time period when the Temple is standing. This is evidenced by the fact that it is similar to the other halakha stated along with it, that of the water libation, which was part of the service in the Temple. But when the Temple is not standing this halakha does not apply, and therefore Rabban Gamliel and his court nullified the prohibition after the destruction of the Temple. § It was taught in the mishna: However, one may not irrigate a field on the intermediate days of a Festival with rainwater collected in a cistern or with water drawn with a shadoof. The Gemara asks: Granted, irrigating a field with water drawn with a shadoof involves excessive effort, and so it is prohibited on the intermediate days of a Festival. But what excessive effort is involved in irrigating a field with rainwater? Rainwater collects on its own and one merely has to channel it to where it is needed. Rabbi Ile’a said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A rabbinic decree was enacted with regard to rainwater due to its similarity to water drawn with a shadoof. Rav Ashi said: Rainwater itself will come to be like water drawn with a shadoof. Once the level of the collected rainwater drops, it will become necessary to draw it with a bucket, a procedure involving excessive effort. The Gemara comments: Rabbi Ile’a and Rav Ashi disagree with regard to the ruling issued by Rabbi Zeira, as Rabbi Zeira said that Rabba bar Yirmeya said that Shmuel said: With regard to streams that draw water from pools of collected water, one is permitted to irrigate his field from them on the intermediate days of a Festival, because the flow of water is steady. One Sage, Rav Ashi, is of the opinion that the ruling is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Zeira, as he prohibits only irrigating with rainwater, because the supply might come to an end, but he does not prohibit watering from a source whose flow is steady. And one Sage, Rabbi Yoḥanan, is not of the opinion that the ruling is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Zeira, as he prohibits irrigating with rainwater due to its similarity to water drawn with a shadoof. This applies regardless of whether the level of the rainwater will drop, and therefore Rabbi Yoḥanan would prohibit using collected water even if a stream flows through it and it will not dry up. After mentioning the statement of Rabbi Zeira in the course of the previous discussion, the Gemara examines the matter itself. Rabbi Zeira said that Rabba bar Yirmeya said that Shmuel said: With regard to streams that draw water from pools of water, one is permitted to irrigate his field from them on the intermediate days of a Festival. Rabbi Yirmeya raised an objection to Rabbi Zeira from what is taught in the mishna: However, one may not irrigate a field on the intermediate days of a Festival with rainwater collected in cisterns or with water drawn with a shadoof. This indicates that whenever there is a concern that the water might run out, it is prohibited to irrigate from this water source. Consequently, Rabbi Yirmeya wanted to know why this concern did not exist in the case of the pools of water as well. Rabbi Zeira said to him: Yirmeya, my son, these pools in Babylonia are like water that does not stop flowing. Therefore, there is no concern that the water level in these pools might go down to such an extent that it will become necessary to draw the water with buckets. The Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to temporary pools and regular pools that were filled with water on the eve of a Festival, it is prohibited for one to irrigate his field from them on the intermediate days of the Festival, lest they run out of water and he will come to exert himself and bring water from elsewhere. But if a water channel passes between them so that water flows from the one to the other, it is permitted. Rav Pappa said: And this allowance applies only when the majority of that field can be irrigated from that water channel, such that most of the field can be irrigated at the same time. In this case, there is no concern that when the water runs out, he will come to exert himself and irrigate the rest of the field from another source of water. Rav Ashi said: It applies even though the majority of that field cannot be irrigated from that water channel at the same time. Since the channel continuously draws water, constantly replenishing its supply, even if it does so at a slow rate, one will say to himself that even if the entire field cannot be irrigated from that water channel on a single day, it can be irrigated from it over the course of two or three days. Accordingly, he will not find it necessary to exert himself to quickly irrigate that portion of the field that did not already receive its water. The Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to a pool that receives drips of water from this field that requires irrigation, which itself receives water from a spring, one is permitted to irrigate from this pool another field situated below it that requires irrigation. The Gemara asks: But isn’t the pool likely to stop flowing, which will force him to exert himself and draw water from somewhere else? Rabbi Yirmeya said: The case is where the upper field is still trickling water into the pool and does not stop. Abaye said: And this allowance applies only when the water from the first spring that irrigates the upper field has not stopped flowing. Only in that case can one rely on the water trickling from the upper field and consequently irrigating the lower field from the pool. It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shimon ben Menasya says: With regard to two garden beds located one above the other, one may not draw water from the channel supplying the lower garden bed in order to irrigate the upper garden bed, due to the excessive exertion involved. Furthermore, Rabbi Elazar bar Shimon said: Even in the case of a single garden bed, half of which is lower and half of which is higher, one may not draw water from the channel supplying the lower area to irrigate the upper area, even though they are two parts of the same garden bed. The Sages taught in a baraita: One may draw water and irrigate vegetables in order to eat them on the intermediate days of a Festival. But if he does this in order to improve their growth and to enhance their appearance it is prohibited, as he is considered to be unnecessarily exerting himself on the Festival. The Gemara relates that Ravina and Rabba Tosefa’a were once walking along the road when they saw a certain man that was drawing water with a bucket on the intermediate days of a Festival. Rabba Tosefa’a said to Ravina: Let the Master come and excommunicate him for transgressing the words of the Sages. Ravina said to him: But isn’t it taught in a baraita: One may draw for vegetables in order to eat them, and so he has not committed a transgression. Rabba Tosefa’a said to him: Do you maintain that what is meant by one may draw [madlin] is that one may draw water in order to irrigate the vegetables? This is not so. Rather, what is meant by
מַאי עוּגִיּוֹת אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה בַּנְכֵּי תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי אֵלּוּ הֵן עוּגִיּוֹת בְּדִידִין שֶׁבְּעִיקָּרֵי זֵיתִים וְשֶׁבְּעִיקָּרֵי גְפָנִים אִינִי וְהָא רַב יְהוּדָה שְׁרָא לִבְנֵי בַּר צֵיתַאי לְמֶעְבַּד בַּנְכֵּי לְכַרְמֵיהוֹן לָא קַשְׁיָא הָא בְּחַדְתֵי הָא בְּעַתִּיקֵי:
one may draw is that one may pull out some of the vegetables that are growing densely together. The baraita comes to teach that one is permitted to thin out a garden bed on the intermediate days of a Festival in order to eat on the Festival those that he removes, but he is prohibited to do so in order to enhance the appearance of those that remain. As we learned in a mishna (Pe’a 7:5): One who thins out [meidel] the vines in his vineyard, just as he may thin out his own vines, so too, he may thin out the vines set aside for the poor. Since he is doing it for the sake of the vines, he may also thin out what he leaves for the poor; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Meir disagrees and says: His own vines he is permitted to thin out, but he is not permitted to thin out the vines set aside for the poor. This mishna indicates that the term meidel can be used to mean thinning out and does not refer only to drawing water. Ravina said to Rabba Tosefa’a: But wasn’t it explicitly taught in a baraita: One may draw water to irrigate vegetables in order to eat them? Rabba Tosefa’a said to him: If it is taught explicitly in a baraita, the halakha is as it is taught, and I retract my statement. § It was taught in the mishna: And one may not construct circular ditches [ugiyyot] around the bases of grapevines on the intermediate days of a Festival. The Gemara asks: What are ugiyyot? Rav Yehuda said: They are what are called in Aramaic binkei, circular ditches around vines. The Gemara notes that this is also taught in a baraita: These are ugiyyot: Bedidin, circular ditches around the bases of olive trees and around the bases of grapevines. The Gemara asks: Is that so? Is it prohibited to dig circular ditches on the intermediate days of the Festival? Didn’t Rav Yehuda permit the family of bar Tzitai to construct circular ditches for their vineyards on the intermediate days of a Festival? The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. This source, i.e., the mishna that renders the practice prohibited, is referring to digging new ditches. That other source, i.e., Rav Yehuda’s ruling that permits the digging of such ditches, is referring to old ones, which merely need to be cleared. § It was taught in the next clause of the mishna that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: One may not construct a new water channel during the intermediate days of a Festival or during the Sabbatical Year. The Gemara asks: Granted, it is prohibited for him to do so on the intermediate days of a Festival, because in so doing he excessively exerts himself on the Festival. But what is the reason that this is prohibited during the Sabbatical Year, when only labors that enhance the growth of plants are prohibited? The Gemara answers: Rabbi Zeira and Rabbi Abba bar Memel disagreed with regard to this issue. One of them said: It is prohibited because it appears to others as if he were hoeing his field. As onlookers do not know that he is merely digging a water channel, they suspect him of working his land during the Sabbatical Year. And the other one said: It is prohibited because he thereby prepares the channel’s banks for planting, for when he digs out the channel, he piles the fresh soil that is fit for planting on its two banks. The Gemara asks: What is the practical halakhic difference between them? The Gemara answers: There is a practical halakhic difference between them in a case where water comes into the channel immediately after he digs it out. According to the one who said that digging a water channel is prohibited because he thereby prepares its banks for planting, there is still a prohibition, as here too, he piles the fresh soil on the channel’s banks. But according to the one who said it is prohibited because it appears as if he were hoeing, there is no prohibition here, as the immediate entry of water makes it obvious that he is digging a water channel. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said that digging a water channel is prohibited because it appears as if he were hoeing, let him be concerned that the digger thereby prepares the channel’s banks for planting and render digging prohibited in this case as well. Rather, the matter must be explained differently, such that there is a practical difference between them in a case where he takes the earth that he excavates from the channel and throws it a considerable distance outside. According to the one who said that it is prohibited because he thereby prepares the channel’s banks for planting, there is no prohibition here, as he does not prepare them for planting. But according to the one who said it is prohibited because it appears as if he were hoeing, there is a prohibition here, as here too, it appears as if he were hoeing. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said that digging a water channel is prohibited because he thereby prepares its banks for planting, let him be concerned that the digger appears as if he were hoeing. The Gemara answers that this is not a concern, because it is also true of one who hoes that when he takes up a clump of earth, he puts it down again in its place. Consequently, since one throws the dug-up earth far away, it is immediately apparent that he is not engaged in hoeing but is rather digging a water channel. Ameimar would teach this mishna as stating explicitly that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says that one may not dig a new water channel during the Sabbatical Year because it appears as if he were hoeing his field, and he therefore found a difficulty between this statement of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya and another statement of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya. The difficulty is as follows: Did Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya actually say that any action that causes him to appear as if he were hoeing is prohibited? One may raise a contradiction to this assertion from a mishna (Shevi’it 3:3) that states: A person may pile his manure in his field during the Sabbatical Year so that it becomes a storage heap, and there is no cause for concern that it may appear as if he were fertilizing his field. Rabbi Meir prohibits this unless he deepens the storage area for the manure three handbreadths below the ground or raises it three handbreadths above the surface of the ground, so that it does not appear as if he were fertilizing his field. If he already had a small amount of manure in that heap from before the Sabbatical Year, he may continue to add to it, and there is no need for concern. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya prohibits piling his manure in his field unless he deepens the storage area for the manure three handbreadths below the surface of the ground, or he raises it three handbreadths above the surface, or he places it on a rock. In any event, it seems that according to Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, it is permitted for him to dig a hole in the ground in order to deposit his manure there, even though he might appear to be hoeing the ground. Rabbi Zeira and Rabbi Abba bar Memel both offered resolutions to this difficulty: One of them said: The case in this second mishna is one where he had already deepened the three-handbreadth pit during the sixth year. And the other one said: His pile of manure is proof that he intends merely to bury the manure and not to hoe the field. § It was taught in the mishna that the Rabbis say: One may repair a damaged water channel during the intermediate days of a Festival. What is meant by a damaged water channel? Rabbi Abba said that if it was now a handbreadth deep because it had become filled with sediment, he may dredge it out until he sets it at its original depth of six handbreadths. Based on this ruling, the Gemara clarifies several practical issues: It is obvious that if the channel is half a handbreadth deep and he wants to restore it to a depth of three handbreadths, since water does not flow through a three-handbreadth-deep channel in sufficient quantity, it is nothing at all and it is certainly prohibited to exert oneself with work that provides insignificant benefit. So too, if the channel is two handbreadths deep and he wants to deepen it to twelve handbreadths, even though he preserves the same ratio as in Rabbi Abba’s case, since it involves excessive exertion, no, this is also not permitted. However, in a case where the channel is two handbreadths deep and he wants to deepen it to seven handbreadths, what is the halakha? The Gemara explains the two sides of the question of whether this can be compared to the case in the mishna: Here, in the case of dredging a one-handbreadth-deep channel to restore its depth of six handbreadths, he deepens the channel by five handbreadths, and similarly here, in the case of deepening the channel from two to seven handbreadths, he likewise wants to deepen it by five handbreadths, and therefore it should be permitted. Or perhaps, since there is an extra handbreadth of depth, then bending over to dig that additional handbreadth involves greater effort, which is unnecessary, and so possibly it should be prohibited. The Gemara states that the dilemma shall stand unresolved. It was related that Abaye permitted the people of Bar Hamdakh to remove the branches of the trees from the river on the intermediate days of a Festival. Rabbi Yirmeya permitted the people of Sekhavta to dredge out a river that had become blocked. Rav Ashi permitted his townsmen, the people of Mata Meḥasya, to clean out the nearby Burnitz River. He said: Since the public drinks from it, it is considered like a public need, and we learned in the mishna that one may tend to all other public needs on the intermediate days of a Festival. § It was taught in the mishna: During the intermediate days of a Festival one may repair
פסידא שרו רבנן במקום רויחא לא שרו רבנן ואפילו במקום פסידא טירחא יתירא לא טרחינן דקתני אבל לא ממי הגשמים ולא ממי הקילון פירוש קילון כמו ביב (דף ד.) בשלמא מי קילון איכא טירחא יתירא דצריך לאשקויי מיניה בדוולא אלא מי גשמים מאי טירחא איכא אמר רבי אלעזר אמר ר' יוחנן גזירה מי גשמים אטו מי קילון רב אשי אמר מי גשמים נמי לידי מי קילון קאתו: אמר ר' זירא נהרות המושכין מן אגמים מותר להשקות מהם בחולו של מועד והוא דלא פסקי ת"ר הפסיקות והבריכות שנתמלאו מים מעיו"ט אסור להשקות מהן בחולו של מועד ואם היתה אמת המים עוברות תחתיהם מותר אמר רב פפא והוא שרובה של אותה שדה שותה מאותה אמת המים רב אשי אמר אע"פ שאין רובה של אותה שדה שותה מאותה אמת המים כיון דקא משכה ואתיא מימר אמר אי לא שתיא בחד יומא תשתי בתרי ותלתא יומי ת"ר בריכה שנטפה משדה בית השלחין זו מותר להשקות ממנה שדה בית השלחין אחרת והא עבידא דפסקא אמר רבי ירמיה עדיין היא מטפטפת אמר אביי והוא שלא פסק מעין ראשון תניא רבי שמעון בן מנסיא אומר שתי ערוגות זו למעלה מזו לא ידלה מן התחתונה וישקה את העליונה יתר על כן א"ר אלעזר ברבי שמעון אפילו ערוגה אחת חציה נמוכה וחציה גבוהה לא ידלה ממקום נמוך למקום גבוה ת"ר מדלין מים לירקות כדי לאכלן ואם בשביל ליפותן אסור: (דף ד:) ואין עושין עוגיות לגפנים תניא ואלו הן עוגיות ברירין שבעקרי זיתים ושבעיקרי גפנים והני מילי חדתי אבל עתיקי שרי:
בשלמא מי קילון איכא טירחא יתירתא. במתניתין התירו מלאכה בחולו של מועד במקום פסידא כגון בית השלחין ולא התירו משום הרווחה כגון בית הבעל ואפילו במקום פסידא יתירא לא טרחינן וכדתנן אבל לא ממימי גשמים ולא ממימי קילון כדפירש' במתניתין:
גזירה. דאי שרית ליה מי גשמים אתי למשרי נמי מי קילון לפי שהם מי גשמים ואיכא משום טירחא יתירא:
מי גשמים. נמי דרכן ליכנס במקום עמוק וכיון שניטלו חציין העמיקו והוו להו מי קילון כלומר שצריך לדלותן בדלי כדמפרש במתני' והוי טירחא יתירא:
אלא מי גשמי' אמאי לא פירש דהא מסתמא אפי' בשמושכין במעין מיירי דהא בדצרכי לקילון היינו מי קילון ופרקי' א"ר יוחנן גזיר' מי גשמים אטו מי קילון גזרו פירש לפי שמימי גשמים הן מכונסין דומיא דמי קילון גזרו אפילו במושכין ואע"ג דקילון גופיה איסור' דרבנן אי לאו הא לא קיימ' הא:
Rabenou H'ananel
וְאֵלּוּ הֵן. כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁאִם לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ בַּמּוֹעֵד יִהְיֶה שָׁם הֶפְסֵד הַרְבֵּה עוֹשִׂין אוֹתָהּ. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בָּהּ טֹרַח הַרְבֵּה. כֵּיצַד. מַשְׁקִין בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין בַּמּוֹעֵד אֲבָל לֹא בֵּית הַמַּשְׁקֶה. שֶׁאִם לֹא יַשְׁקֶה בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין וְהִיא הָאָרֶץ הַצְּמֵאָה יִפָּסְדוּ בּוֹ הָאִילָנוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַשְׁקֶה אוֹתָהּ לֹא יִדְלֶה וְיַשְׁקֶה מִן הַבְּרֵכָה אוֹ מִמֵּי הַגְּשָׁמִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טֹרַח גָּדוֹל. אֲבָל מַשְׁקֶה הוּא מִן הַמַּעְיָן בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה בֵּין שֶׁיָּצָא לְכַתְּחִלָּה מַמְשִׁיכוֹ וּמַשְׁקֶה בּוֹ. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:
And these are those [that are permitted]: --- How is this? We may irrigate a dry field on [the intermediate days of] a festival, but not a [naturally] watered field. For if you will not irrigate the dry field—and that is land that is parched—the trees that are on it will go bad. But when he irrigates it, he should not not draw from a pool or from rain water, because it involves much toil. Rather, he irrigates it from a spring—whether it was [already there] or whether it was a newly emerged spring (that began to flow on the festival)—he may extend it and irrigate with it. And likewise anything that is similar to this.
ואלו הן כל מלאכה וכו'. ראש המסכתא (מ"ק ב':) משקין בית השלחין במועד בין ממעין שיצא בתחלה בין ממעין שלא יצא בתחלה אבל אין משקין לא ממי גשמים ולא ממי קילון ואמרו בגמ' ובהלכות בית השלחין אין בית הבעל לא מ''ט במקום פסידא לא גזרו רבנן במקום הרוחה גזרו רבנן ואפי' במקום פסידא מטרח טירחא יתירא לא שרו רבנן דקתני לא ממי גשמים ולא ממי קילון:
אפילו בבית השלחין לא התירו אלא היכא דליכא טירחא יתירא כגון מן המעיין בין חדש בין ישן שהוא ממשיכו ומשקה אבל לא ידלה וישקה מן הבריכ' או ממי הגשמים מקובצים מפני שהוא טורח גדול אפי' ערוגה אחת חציה גבוה וחציה נמוך אין דולים ממקום נמוך להשקו' מקום גבוה:
2. Even a house of channels is only allowed to be watered when there is not excessive labor involved, like when there is a spring, whether newly-emerged or old, that one can just extend and water the field. However, one should not draw water and irrigate from a pool or from gathered rainwater, because it involves much labor. Even if there is one garden bed, half high and half low, we do not draw water from the low one to water the high one.
ספק דבר האבד מות' (רש"ך ח"א קי"ג): ממי הגשמים. ואפי' אינו דולה אלא ממשיך ברגל אסור מפני שסופו לדלות כשיחסרו:
נהרות המושכין מן האגמים מותר להשקו' מהם בית השלחין במועד והוא שלא פסקו וכן הבריכו' שאמת המים עוברת ביניהם מותר להשקו' מהן וכן בריכה שנטפה מבית השלחין ועדיין היא נוטפ' מותר להשקו' ממנה בית השלחין אחרת והוא שלא פסק המעין המשקה בית השלחין העליונה:
3. One may water a house of channels on hol hamoed from a river that flows from a lake, assuming it has not stopped flowing. One can similarly water from channels that flow between pools. If a pool gets tricklings from a house of channels and it still trickles, one can water a different house of channels from it, assuming that the spring irrigating the upper house of channels has not stopped.
שלא פסקו. וימשוך מן הנהר הגדול אבל פסקו אפי' אית בהו הרבה מים שלא יבואו לדלו' בדלי אסור משום לא פלוג:
שתי ערוגות. פי' של ירק והאחת גבוהה מחברתה ואין המים יכולין לעלות לערוגה העליונה אלא ע"י זריקה שיזרוק בכלי מזו לזו וקמ"ל בברייתא זו שאע"פ שאין גבוהה אלא מעט אפ"ה אסור משום טירחא ולא תימא בשתי ערוגות הוא דאסור שהן רחוקות זו מזו אלא אפילו בערוגה אחת שחציה נמוכה יותר מן החצי האחר אסור:
Ran
עֲרוּגָה שֶׁחֶצְיָהּ נָמוּךְ וְחֶצְיָהּ גָּבוֹהַּ לֹא יִדְלֶה מִמָּקוֹם נָמוּךְ לְהַשְׁקוֹת מָקוֹם גָּבוֹהַּ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טֹרַח גָּדוֹל. וּמֻתָּר לִדְלוֹת מַיִם לְהַשְׁקוֹת הַיְרָקוֹת כְּדֵי לְאָכְלָן בַּמּוֹעֵד. וְאִם בִּשְׁבִיל לְיַפּוֹתָן אָסוּר:
[In a case of] a furrow half of which is low and half of which is high: One may not not draw water from the low place to irrigate the high place—as it involves great toil. But it is permissible to draw water to irrigate vegetables in order to eat them on the festival. However it is forbidden if it is [only] to beautify them.
אפילו בבית השלחין לא התירו אלא היכא דליכא טירחא יתירא כגון מן המעיין בין חדש בין ישן שהוא ממשיכו ומשקה אבל לא ידלה וישקה מן הבריכ' או ממי הגשמים מקובצים מפני שהוא טורח גדול אפי' ערוגה אחת חציה גבוה וחציה נמוך אין דולים ממקום נמוך להשקו' מקום גבוה:
2. Even a house of channels is only allowed to be watered when there is not excessive labor involved, like when there is a spring, whether newly-emerged or old, that one can just extend and water the field. However, one should not draw water and irrigate from a pool or from gathered rainwater, because it involves much labor. Even if there is one garden bed, half high and half low, we do not draw water from the low one to water the high one.
והא דאמרי' לעיל שנתמלאו מערב י"ט לרבותא נקט דאלו בשנתמלאו במועד אפשר דהוה לן למיחש ולמגזר שמא הרואה סבר כי היום טרחו למלאתן לפי שרואה אותן בלא מים קודם י"ט שתי ערוגו' כו' בבי' השלחין היא וקמ"ל שגזרו השקאה בקילון אפי' בדבר מועט כגון זה שאין בו טורח בהשקא' דשדה גדולה ומשום דלא פליג רבנן: שם מדלין מים לירקו' כדי לאכלן פי' כדי לאכלן במועד דכל שהוא לצורך אכל נפש מטרח טרחי' כל מה דאפשר ואפי' דש וקוצר וטוחן ואפי' בפרהסיא כדאי' לקמן ומסתבר' דהכא קמ"ל דכיון שעומדין וראויין לאכילה ועומדין לימכר מדלין להשקותן ולא סוף דבר שזה ממש צריך לאכלן דא"כ פשי' ואם בשביל ליפותן פי' שיתבשלו מהר לצורך לאחר המועד אסור ואפי' בבית השלחין קאמר דקילון אסור הוא בו דאלו בבית הבעל פשי' דלא טרחי'
ירקות שרוצה לאכלן במועד יכול לדלו' מים להשקותן כדי שיגדלו ויהיו ראוים למועד אבל אם אינו רוצה לאכלן במועד ועושה כדי להשביחן אסור:
4. If one wants to eat vegetables on a holiday, he can draw water to irrigate them so that they will grow and be fit [for eating] on the holiday. If he does not want to eat them on the holiday and does such to make them nicer, it is forbidden.
(יד) (יד) שרוצה לאכלן וכו' - אין הכונה דוקא כשרוצה לאכול בעצמו אלא ר"ל שיהיו ראויין לאכילה במועד ועומדין לימכר [ריטב"א]:
(טו) (טו) לדלות וכו' - דכל שהוא לצורך אוכל נפש אפילו טרחא יתירא התירו. ועיין בפמ"ג שכתב די"ל דוקא צורך המועד באוכל נפש הא לצורך המועד מכשירי אוכל נפש וכדומה י"ל דטרחא יתירא אסור אמנם בחידושי הרמב"ן (בליקוטיו) על מו"ק כתב בהדיא דמכשירי אוכל נפש כאוכל נפש וכעין שהתירה התורה והשווה מכשירי או"נ כאו"נ כשא"א לעשותן מעיו"ט:
אֵין עוֹשִׂין עוּגִיּוֹת בְּעִקְּרֵי הַגְּפָנִים כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְמַלְּאוּ מַיִם. וְאִם הָיוּ עֲשׂוּיוֹת וְנִתְקַלְקְלוּ הֲרֵי זֶה מְתַקְּנָם בַּמּוֹעֵד. וְכֵן אַמַּת הַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּתְקַלְקְלָה מְתַקְּנִין אוֹתָהּ בַּמּוֹעֵד. כֵּיצַד. הָיְתָה עֲמֻקָּה טֶפַח חוֹפֵר בָּהּ עַד שִׁשָּׁה. הָיְתָה עֲמֻקָּה טְפָחַיִם מַעֲמִיקָהּ עַד שִׁבְעָה. וּמוֹשְׁכִין אֶת הַמַּיִם מֵאִילָן לְאִילָן וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַשְׁקֶה אֶת כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה. וְאִם הָיְתָה שָׂדֶה לָחָה מֻתָּר לְהַשְׁקוֹת אֶת כֻּלָּהּ. וּמַרְבִּיצִין אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה בַּמּוֹעֵד. שֶׁכָּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלּוּ אֵין בָּהֶן טֹרַח יוֹתֵר:
We may not make circular ditches [around] the bases of grapevines in order that they fill with water. But if they were [already] made and they got damaged, it is surely permissible to fix them on the festival. And we may likewise on a festival fix a channel of water that got damaged. How is that? If it was a handbreadth deep, one may dig it to six. If it was two handreadths deep, he may deepen it to seven. And we may pull [the flow of] water from [one] tree to [another]. And [that is] so long as he does not irrigate the whole field [this way]. However if the field was [already] damp, it is permissible to irrigate all of it. And we may sprinkle a field on the festival. For there is no excessive toil involved in all of these [procedures].
אין עושין החריצים שבעיקרי הגפנים כדי שיתמלאו מים ואם היו עשויות ונתקלקלו הרי זה מתקנן במועד (אבל אסור להעמיקן יותר מבראשונה): (המגיד פ"ח):
5. We do not make pits at the roots of vines so that they will fill with water. If they were made and broke, one can fix them on hol hamoed (but it is forbidden to make them deeper than before) (the Magid chapter 8).
עוגיאות. שחופרים סביב הכרם כדי שיתעכבו שם המים מלשון הלהן תעגנה שהוא לשון עיכוב והא נמי אמועד קאי משום טירחא יתירא ועוד דלא הוי דבר האבד אבל בשביעית מותר כדאיתא בגמ'. וכתב הראב"ד ז"ל בפירושיו דבגמ' [דף ד:] לא אסרינן אלא בחדתי וה"ה כעין חדתי אם לא ניכר הארץ אבל אם ניכר הארץ מעט מותר ולא בעינן טפח כדבעינן בגמרא באמת המים דהתם בעינן מקום לעבור בו מים בשטף אבל הכא מימיה עומדין ובמשהו סגי להו ע"כ:
כדתנן (מכילתין ב.) משקין בית השלחין במועד ובשביעית בין ממעין שיצא בתחילה בין ממעין שלא יצא בתחילה אבל אין משקין ממי הגשמים ולא ממי הקילון ואין עושין עוגיות לגפנים.
