Why We Study Torah: To Cleanse the Tongue
A sheet for my Chizuk Amuno class

How important is speech in the establishment of kedushah, or holiness?

Source A

(כא) מָ֣וֶת וְ֭חַיִּים בְּיַד־לָשׁ֑וֹן וְ֝אֹהֲבֶ֗יהָ יֹאכַ֥ל פִּרְיָֽהּ׃
(21) Death and life are in the power of the tongue; Those who love it will eat its fruit.

Source B

ואהביה יאכל פריה. אוהב את לשונו ומרגיל לתורה אוכל שכרה בעה"ז:
and those who love it will eat its produce He who loves his tongue and accustoms it to [speaking words of] Torah, partakes of its reward in this world.

Source C

(יא) לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃
(11) You shall not steal; you shall not deal deceitfully or falsely with one another.

Source D

(ב) וטעם תגנובו. כי הרואה ומחריש גם הוא גנב:
(2) Scripture employs the plural Ye shall not steal, for the one who sees and is silent is also a thief.

Source E

ולא תכחשו. אם הפקיד אצלך ממון לכחש בו לא ראיתיך ולא היו דברים מעולם:

Do not deal deceitfully: If someone has deposited money with you, it is deceit to say, "I never saw you, this never happened."

Source F

ולא תשקרו. שתתנה לחברך אם תתן לי כך וכך אעשה לך מלאכתך ותקח את שלו ולא תקים [ה]תנאי[ם]:

Do not deal falsely: When you make a conditional deal with your neighbor and say, "If you give me such-and-such, I will do the job." If you take his money but don't do the agreed upon [job].

Source G

ולא תשקרו. לא הזהיר על כזב לומר לא תכזבו, שכזב הוא מה שלא נתקיים כמו שאמר כגון שהבטיח להטיב לאחד ולא עשה כן, כמו לא איש אל ויכזב, אל תכזב שפחתך, טוב רש מאיש כזב, וכן כלם, ובשעת הדבור לא נתבאר עדיין אם יכזב ואיך יאמר לא תכזבו, אבל שקר הוא בשעת הדבור שברגע שהוא יוצא מפיו הוא משקר:

(R. Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg, early 18th c.The Torah does not warn us (in this verse) about fraud because a fraud happens when something (that was promised) is not fulfilled, as when someone promises to fulfill the deal but does not do so...At the time that the deal is made, it is not clear whether the statement is fraudulent or not. But a lie is obviously false and is false the moment it leaves the mouth of the liar.

Source H

ולא תכחשו. אם גנבת תן תודה ולא תכחש:

The Netziv, R. Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin, Lithuania, early 18th c.) If you stole, be thankful that you did not deceive.

Source I

(יב) וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וְחִלַּלְתָּ֛ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃
(12) You shall not swear falsely by My name, profaning the name of your God: I am the LORD.

Source J

ולא תשבעו בשמי. לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לֹא תִשָּׂא אֶת שֵׁם ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לַשָּׁוְא (שמות כ'), יָכוֹל לֹא יְהֵא חַיָּב אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם הַמְיֻחָד, מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת כָּל הַכִּנּוּיִין? תַּ"ל וְלֹא תִשָּׁבְעוּ בִשְׁמִי לַשָּׁקֶר — כָּל שֵׁם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי (ספרא):
ולא תשבעו בשמי AND YE SHALL NOT SWEAR BY MY NAME [TO A LIE] - Why is this stated at all (how does the particular form of words used here tell us more than is contained in the Third Commandment)? Since it is said (Exodus 20:7) “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord (‎'ה) thy God in vain”, I might have inferred that one is not liable except he swore by the "Proper Name” of the Lord (שם המיוחד). Whence do I know that all names that are descriptive of God's attributes (Adonay, Rachum, Chanun etc.) are included in this prohibition? Because Scripture states “ye shall not swear by My Name to a lie", thus implying by any Name I have (Sifra, Kedoshim, Section 2 6).

Source K

ולא תשבעו כתב לך ולא תשבעו באחרונה כי החשוד בגנבה ובפקדון ישבע לא תגנובו, ולא תכחשו ולא תשבעו, אהדריה קרא להזהיר את הרבים.
ולא תשבעו בשמי לשקר, “and do not abuse My name to swear a false oath;” the reason why this prohibition appears at the end of this string is that when someone is suspected and accused of having lied, stolen, etc., it is likely that in defending himself against the accusation he will add the additional sin of swearing his innocence when knowing that this is not so. All three of these prohibitions, though already written once in singular mode, have been repeated so as not to give a group of people an excuse to commit same by claiming that each one of them had only had a miniscule share in participating in that sin.

Source L

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