Intersectionality of Names
A look at the intersectionality of names in Parsha Vayishlach for the joint Achim Sheli-Kavod Friendsgiving celebration at Beth El Vorhees. Written on occupied Lenni-Lenape land.
וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים שִׁמְךָ֣ יַעֲקֹ֑ב לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵא֩ שִׁמְךָ֨ ע֜וֹד יַעֲקֹ֗ב כִּ֤י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
God said to him,
“You whose name is Jacob,
You shall be called Jacob no more,
But Israel shall be your name.”
Thus He named him Israel.

Does Israel's name-change alter how we think about him? Did it alter how he thought about himself? Not only humans take on new names in Torah. God has many names, and they are used depending on the context. Here we have the name 'El Shaddai,' with the meaning of 'Shaddai' the subject of much speculation. (e.g., "God is enough.") What does it mean about God's relationship to humankind that God also goes through name changes?

וַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֲנִ֨י אֵ֤ל שַׁדַּי֙ פְּרֵ֣ה וּרְבֵ֔ה גּ֛וֹי וּקְהַ֥ל גּוֹיִ֖ם יִהְיֶ֣ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ וּמְלָכִ֖ים מֵחֲלָצֶ֥יךָ יֵצֵֽאוּ׃

And God said to him,
“I am El Shaddai.
Be fertile and increase;
A nation, yea an assembly of nations,
Shall descend from you.
Kings shall issue from your loins.

וַיְהִ֥י בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בְּלִדְתָּ֑הּ וַתֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֤הּ הַמְיַלֶּ֙דֶת֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה לָ֖ךְ בֵּֽן׃
When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Have no fear, for it is another boy for you.”

An aside here: We live in a time when assumptions about the gender of a child based on physiology at birth are in question.

וַיְהִ֞י בְּצֵ֤את נַפְשָׁהּ֙ כִּ֣י מֵ֔תָה וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־אוֹנִ֑י וְאָבִ֖יו קָֽרָא־ל֥וֹ בִנְיָמִֽין׃
But as she breathed her last—for she was dying—she named him Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin.

Another name change for one of the most important of Jewish ancestors. If we rewind a bit, we will find the first - from the first convert.

וְלֹא־יִקָּרֵ֥א ע֛וֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ֖ אַבְרָ֑ם וְהָיָ֤ה שִׁמְךָ֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם כִּ֛י אַב־הֲמ֥וֹן גּוֹיִ֖ם נְתַתִּֽיךָ׃
And you shall no longer be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham, for I make you the father of a multitude of nations.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתְּךָ֔ לֹא־תִקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ שָׂרָ֑י כִּ֥י שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמָֽהּ׃
And God said to Abraham, “As for your wife Sarai, you shall not call her Sarai, but her name shall be Sarah.

And when converts today join the tribe of Israel, they choose a new name. Some never use their English name again. Indeed, the rabbis of the Talmud forbid referring to Abraham by his pre-conversion name.

ולא יקרא עוד את שמך אברם הקורא לאברהם אברם עובר בעשה לפי שנתלוה עמו בגיות ואין לפרוך מאשר בחרת באברם דהתם קרא הוא דקא מסדר שבחיה דאברהם מאי דהוה מעיקרא ופירוש אשר בחרת בהיות שמו אברם, ושמת שמו אברהם. אבל יעקב חוזר וקוראו יעקב לפי ששמו נתלוה עמו ביהדות ועל ידי שבני אדם קראו שמות לשנים אלו נשתנו שמותיהם אבל יצחק שהקב״‎ה קראו לו שם כדכתיב וקראת את שמו יצחק שמו לא נשתנה.

ולא יקרא עוד את שמך אברם, “henceforth your name will no longer be called Avram;” anyone still referring to Avraham as Avram will be violating a positive commandment. (Talmud, B’rachot 13)[The underlying reason for this may be that by depriving him of his full name, the caller implies that he was still partially a gentile. This is loosely translated by me for the words לפי שנתלוה עמו גיות, used by the author. Ed.]

The same is true when LGBTQ people change names. 'Deadnames' are generally looked upon as something not to be spoken, because they do not accurately describe the person any longer - and because, like with Jewish converts (such as Abraham), they could make someone feel less than fully accepted.

Another category of names in the Torah is that of places.

וַיִּקְרָ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבֶּ֨ר אִתּ֥וֹ שָׁ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃
Jacob gave the site, where God had spoken to him, the name of Bethel.

We worship in a place called Beth-El, and we are surrounded by names of places of those who once lived here. Take Lake Atsion as an example. I had assumed it was based on Zion - but it was based on the name for the strong, cedar-colored stream which the Lenni-Lenape people called Atsayunk, or Atsiunc. Do you know of other place-names that have been forgotten? What occupied lands have you lived on?

There is clearly much intersectionality to the issue of name changes. African Americans have historically confronted the issue of slavery and their ancestor's names. What are some similarities and differences with the names of Jewish converts, LGBTQ people, and places taken from Indigenous cultures?