Ben Zoma would say: Who is wise? One who learns from every person, as it says (Psalms 119:99), “From all my teachers I gained insight.”<br>Who is the humblest of all? One who is humble like Moses our teacher, as it says (Numbers 12:33), “And the man Moses was exceedingly humble.”
Who is the richest of all? One who is happy with what he has, as it says (Psalms 128:1), “You will eat from the work of your hands, and you will be happy and prosperous.”<br>Who is the strongest of all? One who is able to conquer his desire, as it says (Proverbs 16:32), “Better to be forbearing than mighty, to have self-control than to conquer a city.” And one who conquers his desire is considered as if he had conquered a city full of warriors, as it says (Proverbs 21:22), “One wise man prevailed over a city of warriors.” The true warriors are warriors in Torah, as it says (Psalms 103:20), “Mighty warriors do His bidding.” Some say these are the angels who serve God, as it says (ibid.), “Bless the Eternal, His angels, [mighty warriors.]” And some say: One who can turn an enemy into his friend.
דָּבָר אַחֵר, וּמִקְנֶה רַב, זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (קהלת י, ב): לֵב חָכָם לִימִינוֹ וְלֵב כְּסִיל לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ, לֵב חָכָם לִימִינוֹ, זֶה יֵצֶר טוֹב, שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן בִּימִינוֹ... וְלֵב כְּסִיל לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ, אֵלּוּ הֵן הָרְשָׁעִים שֶׁהֵן נוֹתְנִין לִבָּם לְהַעֲשִׁיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג, טז): בִּשְׂמֹאולָהּ עשֶׁר וְכָבוֹד. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לֵב חָכָם לִימִינוֹ, זֶה משֶׁה. וְלֵב כְּסִיל לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ, אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן וּבְנֵי גָד, שֶׁעָשׂוּ אֶת הָעִקָּר טָפֵל וְאֶת הַטָּפֵל עִקָּר, שֶׁחִבְּבוּ אֶת מָמוֹנָם יוֹתֵר מִן הַנְּפָשׁוֹת, שֶׁהֵן אוֹמְרִים לְמשֶׁה (במדבר לב, טז): גִּדְרֹת צֹאן נִבְנֶה לְמִקְנֵנוּ פֹּה וְעָרִים לְטַפֵּנוּ. אָמַר לָהֶם משֶׁה, אֵינָהּ כְּלוּם, אֶלָּא עֲשׂוּ אֶת הָעִקָּר עִקָּר, תְּחִלָּה (במדבר לב, כד): בְּנוּ לָכֶם עָרִים לְטַפְּכֶם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ (במדבר לב, כד): וּגְדֵרֹת לְצֹנַאֲכֶם, הֱוֵי לֵב חָכָם לִימִינוֹ זֶה משֶׁה, וְלֵב כְּסִיל לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן וּבְנֵי גָד, אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אַתֶּם חִבַּבְתֶּם אֶת מִקְנֵיכֶם יוֹתֵר מִן הַנְּפָשׁוֹת, חַיֵּיכֶם אֵין בּוֹ בְּרָכָה, עֲלֵיהֶם נֶאֱמַר (משלי כ, כא): נַחֲלָה מְבֹהֶלֶת בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וְאַחֲרִיתָהּ לֹא תְבֹרָךְ. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (משלי כג, ד): אַל תִּיגַע לְהַעֲשִׁיר מִבִּינָתְךָ חֲדָל. וְאֵיזֶה הוּא עָשִׁיר הַשָֹּׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קכח, ב): יְגִיעַ כַּפֶּיךָ כִּי תֹאכֵל אַשְׁרֶיךָ וְטוֹב לָךְ.
Another interpretation of "And much cattle" (Numbers 32:1). This is [the meaning of] that which is stated by the verse (Ecclesiastes 10:2), "A wise man’s heart is to his right," that is the good impulse; "but a fool’s heart is to his left," that is the evil impulse. ... Another interpretation: "A wise man’s heart is to his right," that is Moshe; "but a fool’s heart is to his left," that is the Children of Reuven and the Children of Gad, who made the essential, secondary, and the secondary, essential. Why? Because they loved their possessions more than the [human] souls. As they said to Moshe (Numbers 32:16), "'We will build here sheepfolds for our flocks, and towns for our children.'" Moshe said to them, "This is nothing; rather make the essential, essential. First 'build towns for your children,' and afterwards 'sheepfolds for your flocks' (Numbers 32:24)." Hence, "A wise man’s heart is to his right," that is Moshe; "but a fool’s heart is to his left," that is the Children of Reuven and the Children of Gad. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them, "You loved your money more than [your] souls. By your lives, there is no blessing in this, as stated (Proverbs 20:21), 'An estate acquired in haste at the outset will not be blessed in the end.'" And it likewise states (Proverbs 23:4), "Do not toil to gain wealth; have the sense to desist." And who is wealthy? One who is happy with his lot, as stated (in Psalms 128:2), "You shall eat the produce of your hands; you shall be happy, and it shall go well with you."

