Mezuzah in the Torah
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Shareוּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל־מְזֻז֥וֹת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}
inscribe them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
וְלָֽקְחוּ֙ מִן־הַדָּ֔ם וְנָ֥תְנ֛וּ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַמְּזוּזֹ֖ת וְעַל־הַמַּשְׁק֑וֹף עַ֚ל הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יֹאכְל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶֽם׃
They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they are to eat it.
המזוזת. הֵם הַזְּקוּפוֹת אַחַת מִכָּאן לַפֶּתַח וְאַחַת מִכָּאן:
המזוזת THE SIDE POSTS — These are the upright posts, one on this side of the entrance and one on that side.
ת"ר וכתבתם יכול יכתבנה על האבנים נאמר כאן כתיבה ונאמר להלן כתיבה מה להלן על הספר אף כאן על הספר
The Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall write them upon the doorposts of your house, and upon your gates” (Deuteronomy 6:9). One might have thought that one writes a mezuza on the stones of the entrance. To counter this, an expression of writing is stated here, with regard to a mezuza, and an expression of writing is stated there. Just as there the mitzva of writing means on a book, i.e., parchment, so too, a mezuza must be written on a book.
This is a Samaritan Mezuzah. Samaritans are a group of people living in Israel who have adapted the Torah and claim to be Jewish. This is how they thought a Mezuzah should look. It's placed ABOVE their door and it usually has the 10 commandments written on it.
How is it like a regular Mezuzah and how is it different?
המזוזה נכתבת על הימין בכניסתו מן השוק לבית שער וביציאתו מן החצר לבית שער
The mezuzah is placed on the right-hand side of the entrance from the street into the lodge, and [on the right-hand side of] the exit from the courtyard into the lodge.
