בת לאה. וְלֹא בַת יַעֲקֹב? אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם יְצִיאָתָהּ נִקְרֵאת בַּת לֵאָה, שֶׁאַף הִיא יַצְאָנִית הָיְתָה (בראשית רבה), שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַתֵּצֶא לֵאָה לִקְרָאתוֹ (וְעָלֶיהָ מָשְׁלוּ הַמָּשָׁל כְּאִמָּהּ כְּבִתָּהּ):
Leah "went-out" provocatively, and produced great children, not that she was explicit.
[וּ]כְתִיב ״יִשָּׂשכָר חֲמֹר גָּרֶם״, וּכְתִיב: ״מִבְּנֵי יִשָּׂשכָר יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לַעִתִּים״!
הַהִיא דְּמַרְצְיָא אַרְצוֹיֵי.
It is written: “Issachar is a large-boned donkey” (Genesis 49:14). The Sages: this is an allusion to when Jacob came in from the field riding a donkey, and Leah went out to greet him, saying: “You must come in to me;” (Genesis 30:16). Issachar was conceived from their subsequent intimacy. And it is written: “Children of Issachar, men that had understanding of the times” (I Chronicles 12:33). The descendants of Issachar were perceptive men. Question: It is derived from here that a woman who request from her husband intimacy has a positive effect on their children?
Gemara answers: The baraita is not referring to a woman who demands intimacy explicitly, but rather to one who entices her husband, so that he understands she wants intimacy. They consequently have excellent children.
דמרציא ארצויי - שמפתה אותו בדברי רצוי ופיוס כלאה שלא אמרה ליעקב אלא לסור באהלה אבל לא שתהא תובעתו בפה:
"Who Entices": she seduces him with words of desire and appeasement like Leah, for she only told Jacob to come to the tent, not that she requested intimacy explicitly.
A predatory woman. That is one who sits and makes fun of the words of the Torah: “She said, you shall come to me … and he slept with her that night.” (Gen. 30:16) Rebbi Abbahu said, stated "as-if" this was a [divine] inception into the story. Only God knew her motives were only to produce tribes.
(בראשית ל, טז): וַתֹּאמֶר אֵלַי תָּבוֹא, אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ צָפָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁלֹא הָיְתָה כַּוָּנָתָהּ אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם לְהַעֲמִיד שְׁבָטִים, לְפִיכָךְ הֻצְרַךְ הַכָּתוּב לוֹמַר (בראשית ל, יז): וַיִּשְׁמַע אֱלֹהִים אֶל לֵאָה.
“She said, you shall come to me … and he slept with her that night.” (Gen. 30:16) R. Abbahu said, God peered into her soul and saw that she only had intentions for the sake of heaven; therefore the Bible states, "And God listened to Leah" (G. 30:17)
וַתֵּצֵא דִינָה בַּת לֵאָה (בראשית לד, א), (יחזקאל טז, מד): הִנֵּה כָּל הַמּשֵׁל עָלַיִךְ יִמְשֹׁל לֵאמֹר כְּאִמָּה בִּתָּהּ, יוֹסֵי מְעוֹנָאָה תִּרְגֵּם בִּכְנִישָׁתְהוֹן דִּמְעוֹנָא,....אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַהוּ דִּכְתִיב: הִנֵּה כָּל הַמּשֵׁל עָלַיִךָ יִמְשֹׁל לֵאמֹר כְּאִמָּה בִּתָּהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ כַּבַּת כֵּן אִמָּהּ, כַּדּוֹר כֵּן נָשִׂיא, כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ כֵּן כֹּהֲנָיו. הָכָא אָמְרֵי לְפוּם גִּנְּתָא גַּנָּנָא. אָמַר לוֹ רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ עַד כַּדּוּן לָא חֲסֵלִית מִן מְפַיְּסֵיהּ עַל הָדָא וְאַתָּה מַיְיתֵי לָן אוֹחֲרִי, עִקָּרוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר הִנֵּה כָּל הַמּשֵׁל מַהוּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לֵית תּוֹרְתָא עֲנִישָׁא עַד דִּבְרַתָּהּ בְּעִיטָא, לֵית אִתְּתָא זָנְיָא עַד דִּבְרַתָּהּ זָנְיָא. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ אִם כֵּן לֵאָה אִמֵּנוּ זוֹנָה הָיְתָה, אָמַר לָהֶם (בראשית ל, טז): וַתֵּצֵא לִקְרָאתוֹ וגו', יָצָאת מְקֻשֶּׁטֶת כְּזוֹנָה, לְפִיכָךְ וַתֵּצֵא דִינָה בַּת לֵאָה.
Dinah the daughter of Leah went out (Genesis 34,1) Why, everyone who uses proverbs applies to you the proverb “Like mother, like daughter.” (Ezekiel 16,44) Yosi from Me‘ona was giving Targum...[Reish Lakish] asks [Yosi from Me‘ona], “What is meant by the verse ‘Why, everyone who uses proverbs applies to you the proverb “Like mother, like daughter.”’ Yosi replies, "Like the daughter so too is the mother, the generation is like its Nasi, the altar is like its Cohanim. Around here we say like the garden so is the gardener." Reish Lakish said to him, “You still haven’t apologized for the first comment [insulting R' Yehudah] and you insult him again?” So what about the main point of ‘all who rule over you?’” Yosi said, “There is no cow that gores until its daughter is a kicker, no daughter prostitutes herself unless her mother has. Reish Lakish and Rabbi Yehuda, “Are you calling Leah our Matriarch a prostitute?!?” Yosi replied to them, “‘Leah went out to meet him [Yaakov]…’ and Leah went out dressed like a prostitute, therefore Dinah went out [dressed like a prostitute.]”
תִּירְגֵּם יוֹסֵי מָעוֹנִי בִּכְנִישְׁתָּא בְּטִיבֵּרִיָּה. אָמַר לֵיהּ. מָהוּ דֵין דִּכְתִיב כִּ֤י זָֽנְתָה֙ אִמָּ֔ם. וְכִי שָׂרָה אִמֵּינוּ זוֹנָה הָֽייְתָה. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כְּבַת כֵּן אִמָּהּ. כַּדּוֹר כֵּן הַנָּשִׂיא. כַּנָּשִׂיא כֵן הַדּוֹר. כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ כֹּהֲנָיו. כַּהֲנָּא אֲמַר כֵּן. כְּגִנְּתָא כֵּן גַּנָּנָהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. לָא טָב דִּקְלִיל לִי דְלָא בְאַפּוֹי חַד זְמַן. אֶלָּא בְאפַּיי תְלָתָא זִימְנִין. אָמַר לֵיהּ. מָהוּ דֵין דִּכְתִיב הִנֵּה֙ כָּל־הַמֹּשֵׁ֔ל עָלַיִ֥ךְ יִמְשׁוֹל לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּאִמָּה֭ בִּתָּֽהּ. וְכִי אִימֵּינוּ לְאָה זוֹנָה הָֽייְתָה. דִּכְתִיב וַתֵּצֵ֤א דִינָה֙. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לְפוּם דִּכְתִיב וַתֵּצֵ֨א לֵאָ֜ה לִקְרָאת̇וֹ. פָּֽשְׁטִין יְצִיאָה מִיצִיאָה.
Yose from Maon interpreted in the synagogue of Tiberias...[Rebbi Joḥanan or Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish] asked him: What is that which is written: For their mother whored? Was our mother Sarah a whore? He answered, like daughter like mother, like mother like daughter, like generation like the prince, like the prince like the generation, like the altar like its priests. Cahana used to say, like the garden like its gardener. He told them, not only did he curse me once in my absence, but he cursed me three times in my presence! He asked him, what is that which is written: Anybody wanting to formulate a simile about you will state as follows: like mother like daughter; was our mother Leah a prostitute since it is written, Dinah went out? He told him, for it is written, Leah went out towards him. One identifies going out with going out.
וַיָּקָם בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא וַיִּקַּח אֶת שְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו וְאֶת שְׁתֵּי שִׁפְחֹתָיו וגו' (בראשית לב, כג), וְדִינָה הֵיכָן הִיא, נְתָנָהּ בְּתֵבָה וְנָעַל בְּפָנֶיהָ, אָמַר הָרָשָׁע הַזֶּה עֵינוֹ רָמָה הִיא, שֶׁלֹא יִתְלֶה עֵינָיו וְיִרְאֶה אוֹתָהּ וְיִקַּח אוֹתָהּ מִמֶּנִּי. רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַבָּא הַכֹּהֵן בַּרְדְּלָא אָמַר, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (איוב ו, יד): לַמָּס מֵרֵעֵהוּ חָסֶד, מָנַעְתָּ מֵרֵעֲךָ חָסֶד, מָנַעְתָּ חַסְדְּךָ מִן אֲחוּךְ, דְּאִלּוּ אִתְנְסֵיבַת לְגַבְרָא לָא זִנְּתָה [נסח אחר: דנסבת לאיוב לאו גירתיה בתמיה], לֹא בִקַּשְׁתָּ לְהַשִֹּׂיאָהּ לְמָהוּל הֲרֵי הִיא נִשֵֹּׂאת לְעָרֵל, לֹא בִקַּשְׁתָּ לְהַשִֹּׂיאָהּ דֶּרֶךְ הֶתֵּר הֲרֵי נִשֵֹּׂאת דֶּרֶךְ אִסּוּר, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית לד, א): וַתֵּצֵא דִינָה בַּת לֵאָה. (בראשית לב, כד).
Where was Dina [when they met Esuv]? He put her in a closed box; Jacob said: this evil man has a treacherous eye, so I hid her that his eyes won't fall on her and take her from me. R. Huna citing R. Aba Hacohen (from Bardala); God replied: "To him that is afflicted love is due from his friend; or else he forsakes the fear of the Almighty." (Job 6:14); You withheld kindness from your friend; you withheld kindness from your brother; had you betrothed her to him she would not have sinned; you did not seek to betroth her to one circumcised, she’ll be betrothed to one uncircumcised; you did not betroth her to someone she is permitted to marry, she will be betrothed to someone impermissible. This is what is said "And Dinah went out."
דאמר רבי יוחנן מאי דכתיב (בראשית ל, טז) וישכב עמה בלילה הוא מלמד שהקב"ה סייע באותו מעשה שנאמר (בראשית מט, יד) יששכר חמור גרם חמור גרם לו ליששכר
R.Yoḥanan said: What is the meaning of that which is written, with regard to Leah’s conceiving Issachar: “And he lay with her that night” (Genesis 30:16)? It teaches that the Holy, Blessed be He, contributed to that act. As it is stated: “Issachar is a large-boned [garem] donkey” (Genesis 49:14). God directed Jacob’s donkey toward Leah’s tent so that he would engage in intimacy thereby causing [garam] Leah’s conceiving Issachar.
ואת אחד עשר ילדיו ודינה היכן היתה וכו' קשה אדרבא היה ראוי שתחשב לו לצדקה שמנעה מיד הרשע. י"ל שיעקב לרעה נתכוון שלא היה רוצה שאחיו יהיה צדיק כדי שלא יתקיים בו ברכת הוה גביר לאחיך ולפי' נענש:
[Citing GR:] [Question:]...[O]n the contrary, Jacobs actions should be considered righteous, for he stopped her from marrying an evil man. [Answer:] we could say that Jacob had bad intentions, for he didn't want his brother to become righteous so that the blessing of "be lord over thy brethren" (Genesis 27:29) not apply, therefore he was punished.
The slight immodesty in Leah caused her daughter to sin.
Juxtapose “going out” with “going out: For in truth, Leah did “go out” but not as derogatory statement about Leah, only that Leah “going out” caused Dina to go out, and Dina only intended to go out and see the girls of the land.
[1] Genesis 34:1 is phrased in an interesting manner. When the Torah introduces Dina, it does so by describing, “Dina—the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Yaakov.” The verse could have simply said, “Dina the daughter of…Yaakov”. Therefore, Rashi implies a connection, that it was Leah’s behavior with Jacob that led to this affair [citing Genesis Rabbah 80:1].
This is troubling though: Why would Rashi elucidate the verse in the "simple" fashion unfavorably to Leah? The Torah attempts not to discuss negative character traits of anyone—even of animals (See Bava Batra 123A); and one should “Remember a Tzaddik for blessing.” [Rashi beg. of Noah.]
Possibly, Rashi’s intent is to mitigate Dina’s fault (& find merit); however, what benefit is there in defending Dina by pointing out her mother’s fault? Additionally, there is a ready response to the superfluous “daughter of Leah,” for she was conceived through the Leah's prayer that she be born a female (see G-30:21).
Another troublesome issue: On Leah’s conduct (G-30:16) and the reason that Leah was “forward” in her desire to be with her husband Jacob, Rashi’s (G-30:17 cites Genesis Rabbah 72:5.) “for she eagerly desired and sought means to increase the number of the tribes.” Since Leah’s intent was righteous, it is probable that when Rashi attributes Dina’s outgoing nature to her mother, it is not to convey that the calamity was Leah’s fault, but to teach the opposite; by associating Leah and her daughter Dina. Rashi was demonstrating that just as Leah was doing a positive deed when "going out" to welcome Jacob, so too, Dina’s going out was positive as well (she went to socialize with the daughters of the land (see Penei Moshe on Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 2:6:13 above); Therefore, Rashi did not bring down the words of the Midrash.
[2] In order to appreciate the positive nature of Dina’s positive character, it is imperative to preface with another story the Torah relates of Dina. In the beginning of Vayishlach, on Yaakov’s return to the land of Israel and byway to meet Esav, the verse states: “And he arose during that night, and he took his two wives and his two maidservants and his eleven children, and he crossed the ford of Jacob”. (Genesis 32:23) The verse only enumerates eleven of his children, and omits Dina. Rashi elaborates: “[W]here was Dina? He put her into a chest and hid her, so that Esav should not set eyes on her. Therefore, Yaakov was punished for withholding her from his brother, because had he married her, perhaps she would change him for the better—but she fell into the hand of Shechem”.
This is perplexing. Rashi implies that in truth Yaakov should have let his only daughter marry Esav – a volatile situation – for the possibility he will turn to good? Moreover, for this reason he was later punished by having her eventually fall into the hands of Shechem?
We can deduce: [1] Dina’s character was so great, that she would have succeeded in influencing Esav to change. [2] Returning a man from evil to righteousness has such importance, that it would have been worth it to marry Dina to him, even for the mere “chance” she could change him. The fact Yaakov was punished, it is near certain she would have succeeded; Rashi is stating “perhaps” from Jacob’s perspective, for Jacob didn’t see the certainty.]
Returning to Rashi on Genesis 34: the reason Dina went out was to her praise - she possessed such influence that could transformed the wicked Esav – not for reasons of immodesty, but to transform the girls of the land for the better. This is why Rashi relates that this nature came from Leah’s personality. This was not a degradation of Leah, but to her praise. For, just as Leah’s nature of going out was a positive, so too was it her daughter Dina's nature. The positive extroverted nature that Dina possessed was inherited from her mother Leah; not from her father, who constrained and hid her & lead to his punishment.
אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק גְּדוֹלָה עֲבֵירָה לִשְׁמָהּ מִמִּצְוָה שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ
§ Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Greater is a transgression committed for its own sake, i.e., for the sake of Heaven, than a mitzva performed not for its own sake.
The Torah teaches a contrast. Leah’s actions seemed provocative, but her intentions were for the sake of heaven. Jacobs actions seemed paternal, but with bad intentions; for he truly didn’t want his brother to repent (See Bartanura above; Nazir 23b - Horayot 10b ).
“He established there an altar, and called it [vayikra lo] El” – Reish Lakish said: “And called it El, God of Israel” – he said: ‘You are God of the heavenly, and I am the ruler of the earthly.’
Rav Huna said in the name of Reish Lakish: Even the beadle in a synagogue does not assume authority on his own, but you assume authority on your own? Tomorrow, your daughter will go out and be violated. That is what is written: “Dina, daughter of Leah…went out” (Genesis 34:1).


