Berman Mini-Mester Working and Learning
An instructor at a time-management seminar once filled up a jar with rocks and asked the audience if the jar was full. When they responded yes, he took out small pebbles and poured them into the jar to fill the cracks. He asked again if the jar was full and then proceeded to fill the jar with sand. When he asked what the lesson is, one participant said "There are gaps, and if you really work at it, you can always fit more into your life." "No," the instructor responded "The point is this: if you hadn't put these big rocks in first, would you ever have gotten any of them in? Source: First Things First by Stephen Covey pp. 88-89.
R. Zelig Reuven Bengis was accustomed to finishing the entire Talmud every few months. Shortly after completing a cycle, he called his family to commemorate the completion of the Talmud. When his family members inquired how he was able to finish so quickly, he responded "This is not my ordinary cycle. Rather, I started to notice that when I would attend certain events, I had five minutes here and ten minutes there, so I started to carry my Talmud with me. This gathering is to commemorate my completion of the Talmud from the many five and ten minute opportunities that I had. (Kovetz Beit Hillel, Vol. 34, pp. 14-15)
How do we make the most of our time? Let's look at the following scenarios:
CASE ONE
Andrew looks forward to spending a few hours on Sunday relaxing by catching up with his friends on Facebook and reading all of the jokes he received during the week. This Sunday, he also has a long list of things to do around the house. What should take priority?
CASE TWO
Shira is trying to cook for Shabbat while talking on the phone helping her friend through a crisis. She notices that she is not concentrating so well on the conversation or the cooking, but she may not have time to finish cooking after the conversation. What should she do?
CASE THREE
About a minute into his trip home from school, Jonathan realizes that he left his knapsack at school. He knows that if he asks Mrs. Goldstein to turn around, she certainly will, but he is not sure if he should burden everyone else in the car or just deal with it when he gets home. What should he do?
PUTTING OUR DAILY ACTIVITIES IN CONTEXT
Let's begin by reading an excerpt of a poem authored by R. Yehuda HaLevi

עבדי הזמן עבדי עבדים הם עבד ה' הוא לבד חפשי.

Servants of time are servants of servants. Only a servant of God is [truly] free.

  • What does it mean to be a servant of time?
  • What is meant by "servants of servants"?
  • What is time a servant of?
  • Is it possible for someone to serve G-d but also be a servant of time?
Rambam teaches us an important lesson about the focus of our daily activities:

צריך האדם שיכוון לבו וכל מעשיו כולם לידע את השם ברוך הוא בלבד... כיצד כשישא ויתן או יעשה מלאכה ליטול שכר. לא יהיה בלבו לקבוץ ממון בלבד אלא יעשה דברים האלו כדי שימצא דברים שהגוף צריך להם מאכילה ושתיה וישיבת בית ונשיאת אשה ... ישים על לבו שיהא גופו שלם וחזק כדי שתהיה נפשו ישרה לדעת את ה'. שאי אפשר שיבין וישתכל בחכמות והוא רעב וחולה או אחד מאיבריו כואב ... ואפילו בשעה שהוא ישן אם ישן לדעת כדי שתנוח דעתו עליו וינוח גופו כדי שלא יחלה ולא יוכל לעבוד את ה' והוא חולה, נמצאת שינה שלו עבודה למקום ברוך הוא. ועל ענין זה צוו חכמים ואמרו וכל מעשיך יהיו לשם שמים. רמב"ם הל' דעות ג:ב-ג

A person should make sure that all of his/her actions are focused on knowing God… How is this? When one does business, it should not be for the sole purpose of accumulating wealth. Rather these activities should be performed so that one has the means of taking care of physical needs such as eating, drinking, paying for one's home and getting married … One should make sure that one's body is healthy and strong in order that one can properly know God. For it is impossible to understand and contemplate matters of wisdom when one is starving, ill or in pain … Even when one sleeps, if one sleeps in order to give rest to one's body … sleeping can also be a form of service of God. On these matters, the rabbis stated "All of one's actions should be for the sake of heaven." Rambam, Hilchot Dei'ot 3:2-3

Rambam's comments give us a further appreciation of R. Yehuda HaLevi's poem. All of our daily activities should be in context of our service of God. When all of life's activities have the same ultimate purpose, one can prioritize and balance a busy life and decide what is most important. The laws of nature, including the concept of time, are our partners in accomplishing our goals and are also considered servants of God. If one is not conscientious of Rambam's idea, it is difficult to prioritize what is important. Time now controls what gets done and one becomes subservient to time and a servant's servant because time itself is a servant of God.
(כז) וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וַיְהִ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ צַ֖יִד אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֶ֑ה וְיַעֲקֹב֙ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֔ם יֹשֵׁ֖ב אֹהָלִֽים׃
(27) When the boys grew up, Esau became a skillful hunter, a man of the outdoors; but Jacob became a mild man, raising livestock.
What do you think it is meant by Yackov sitting in tents?
(א) איש שדה. יודע בעבודת האדמה: (ב) יושב אוהלים. שני מיני אהלים האחד אהל רועי והשני אהל בל יצען שבו התבונן להכיר בוראו ונקדש בכבודו:
(1) איש שדה, an expert farmer. (2) יושב אהלים, the plural mode indicates that the Torah speaks of two distinctly different kinds of tents; one is the tent used by shepherds, the other the tent described as בל-יצען described in Isaiah 33,20, (a reference to Jerusalem or the Temple). The function of that “tent” is to help people come closer to G’d and to gain insight into His ways and as a result to become holy, inspired by His glory.
What is the Seforno saying about the plural tents?
What might this tell us about how were supposed to spend our time?