(2) This fundamental mishna enumerates those who perform the primary categories of labor prohibited on Shabbat, which number forty-less-one. They are grouped in accordance with their function: One who sows, and one who plows, and one who reaps, and one who gathers sheaves into a pile, and one who threshes, removing the kernel from the husk, and one who winnows threshed grain in the wind, and one who selects the inedible waste from the edible, and one who grinds, and one who sifts the flour in a sieve, and one who kneads dough, and one who bakes. Additional primary categories of prohibited labor are the following: One who shears wool, and one who whitens it, and one who combs the fleece and straightens it, and one who dyes it, and one who spins the wool, and one who stretches the threads of the warp in the loom, and one who constructs two meshes, tying the threads of the warp to the base of the loom, and one who weaves two threads, and one who severs two threads for constructive purposes, and one who ties a knot, and one who unties a knot, and one who sews two stitches with a needle, as well as one who tears a fabric in order to sew two stitches.One who traps a deer, or any living creature, and one who slaughters it, and one who flays it, and one who salts its hide, a step in the tanning process, and one who tans its hide, and one who smooths it, removing hairs and veins, and one who cuts it into measured parts. One who writes two letters and one who erases in order to write two letters. One who builds a structure, and one who dismantles it, one who extinguishes a fire, and one who kindles a fire. One who strikes a blow with a hammer to complete the production process of a vessel (Rabbeinu Ḥananel), and one who carries out an object from domain to domain. All these are primary categories of labor, and they number forty-less-one.

Rabbi Yehuda says: One who traps a bird into a closet or cage, and one who traps a deer into a house is liable. The Rabbis say: One is liable for trapping a bird into a closetand for trapping a deer into a garden, or into a courtyard, or into an enclosure [bivar], he is liable. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not all enclosures are identical. This is the principle: If the trapping of the animal is inadequate and it is still necessary to pursue and apprehend it, one is not liable. However, if one trapped a deer into an enclosure in which the trapping is not inadequate, he is liable.

One who traps something from a species which it is its way to be trapped is liable – for example wild animals, birds and fish. And that is when he traps them into a place that does not lack [complete] trapping. How is this? For example, [if] he chased after a gazelle until he made it go into a house, a garden or a courtyard and he closed [the gate] in front of it; or shooed a bird until he made it go into a closet and closed [the door] in front of it; or scooped fish from the water into a pail of water – he is surely liable. But if he shooed a bird into a house and closed [the door] in front of it; or went after a fish and removed it from the sea into a pool of water; or chased after a gazelle until it entered a broad hall and he closed [the door] in front of it – he is surely exempt, for this is not compete trapping. As if he wants to take it, he will need to chase after it and trap it from there. Hence, one who traps a lion is not liable until he makes it go into its cage in which it is held.

[The following principle applies regarding] the eight creeping animals mentioned in the Torah and similarly, other creeping animals and crawling things: When a species is usually trapped, a person who traps any one of them - whether for a purpose, or without a purpose, even merely for the sake of sport - is liable, since he intended to trap and actually did so. A person is liable for performing a [forbidden] labor even if he has no need for the actual labor he performed.
A person who traps an animal that is sleeping or a blind animal is liable.

The following shall be impure for you from among the things that swarm on the earth: the mole, the mouse, and great lizards of every variety;

the gecko, the land crocodile, the lizard, the sand lizard, and the chameleon.

A person who traps a deer that is old, limping, sick, or small is not liable.
A person who releases an animal, a beast, or a fowl from a trap is not liable. A person who traps a beast or a fowl that is in his domain - e.g., ducks, chickens, or doves from a cote - is not liable. A person who traps a living being whose species is not usually trapped - e.g., locusts, wild bees, hornets, mosquitoes, fleas, and the like - is not liable.

Crawling beasts that are dangerous - e.g., snakes, scorpions and the like - may be trapped on the Sabbath. [This leniency is granted] even when they are not deadly, but merely bite, provided one's intent is to prevent [someone from] being bitten.
What should one do? Place a utensil over them, cover them with something, or tie them so they cannot cause damage.

12. Domesticated animals and fowl may be trapped provided they do not resist, for if they resist they are forbidden to be trapped even in a yard, when the yard’s measurements are such that had the animals not been raised among humans one would have needed a trap to catch them.