And He Called Out in the Name of Hashem
(ז) וַיֵּרָ֤א ה' אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לְזַ֨רְעֲךָ֔ אֶתֵּ֖ן אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את וַיִּ֤בֶן שָׁם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לַה' הַנִּרְאֶ֥ה אֵלָֽיו׃ (ח) וַיַּעְתֵּ֨ק מִשָּׁ֜ם הָהָ֗רָה מִקֶּ֛דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל וַיֵּ֣ט אׇהֳלֹ֑ה בֵּֽית־אֵ֤ל מִיָּם֙ וְהָעַ֣י מִקֶּ֔דֶם וַיִּֽבֶן־שָׁ֤ם מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽה' וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם ה'׃ (ט) וַיִּסַּ֣ע אַבְרָ֔ם הָל֥וֹךְ וְנָס֖וֹעַ הַנֶּֽגְבָּה׃ {פ}
(7) ה' appeared to Abram and said, “I will assign this land to your offspring.” And he built an altar there to ה' who had appeared to him. (8) From there he moved on to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; and he built there an altar to ה' and invoked ה' by name. (9) Then Abram journeyed by stages toward the Negeb.
(ג) ויבן שם מזבח, כטעם הודאה לאל שנראה אליו ובשרו בארץ ההיא שהיא טובה ורחבה זבת חלב ודבש שיתננה לזרעו:
(3) ויבן שם מזבח, in response to this promise, Avram erected an altar there in honour of the G’d Who had appeared to him.

(א) וַיַּ֩עַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם ה֠וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וְל֥וֹט עִמּ֖וֹ הַנֶּֽגְבָּה׃ (ב) וְאַבְרָ֖ם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד בַּמִּקְנֶ֕ה בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַזָּהָֽב׃ (ג) וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְמַסָּעָ֔יו מִנֶּ֖גֶב וְעַד־בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל עַד־הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֤ם אׇֽהֳלֹה֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה בֵּ֥ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעָֽי׃ (ד) אֶל־מְקוֹם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שָׂה שָׁ֖ם בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א שָׁ֛ם אַבְרָ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֥ם ה'׃

(1) From Egypt, Abram went up into the Negeb, with his wife and all that he possessed, together with Lot. (2) Now Abram was very rich in cattle, silver, and gold. (3) And he proceeded by stages from the Negeb as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been formerly, between Bethel and Ai, (4) the site of the altar that he had built there at first; and there Abram invoked ה' by name.
(א) אל מקום המזבח, הוסיף לבאר עוד להודיע כי לא נטה אהלה במקום אחר באותו ההר אלא באותו מקום שעשה שם המזבח בראשונה, וכל זה להודיע כי ראוי לאדם לקבוע מקום לתפלתו ולעבודתו את ה'; כי יותר לבו נכון במקום שהוא רגיל בו. ויקרא שם, פעם אחרת בשם ה':
(1) אל מקום המזבח, the Torah details further that Avram did not only return to the mountainous region of which we had been told in 12,8 but that he returned to exactly the place where he had prayed previously. We are to learn from this how important it is for a person to appoint a definitive spot from where to offer his prayers on a regular basis. It is easier to concentrate when one is in familiar surroundings. Now that he had returned to this altar, Avram preached a second time in the name of the Lord, [no doubt telling people of his miraculous escape from Egypt, laden with new riches. Ed.]

(בראשית יב, ח): וַיִּקְרָא בְּשֵׁם ה', מְלַמֵּד

שֶׁהִקְרִיא שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּפִי כָּל בְּרִיָה.

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּקְרָא, הִתְחִיל מְגַיֵּר גֵּרִים וּלְהַכְנִיסָם תַּחַת כַּנְפֵי הַשְּׁכִינָה. (בראשית יב, ט):

וַיִּסַּע אַבְרָם הָלוֹךְ וְנָסוֹעַ הַנֶּגְבָּה, מְחַקֶּה וְהוֹלֵךְ וּמְכַוֵּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ.

And proclaimed [vayikra] the name of the Lord” – this teaches that he caused all the people to proclaim the name of the Lord.

Vayikra – he began converting proselytes to bring them under the wings of the Divine Presence.

“Abram journeyed, steadily journeying to the Negev” (Genesis 12:9).
“Abram journeyed, steadily journeying to the Negev” – he directed his attention and charted his path toward the site of the Temple.

(יד) וַֽה' אָמַ֣ר אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם אַחֲרֵי֙ הִפָּֽרֶד־ל֣וֹט מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ שָׂ֣א נָ֤א עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וּרְאֵ֔ה מִן־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֑ם צָפֹ֥נָה וָנֶ֖גְבָּה וָקֵ֥דְמָה וָיָֽמָּה׃ (טו) כִּ֧י אֶת־כׇּל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה לְךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ (טז) וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֖ כַּעֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אִם־יוּכַ֣ל אִ֗ישׁ לִמְנוֹת֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ גַּֽם־זַרְעֲךָ֖ יִמָּנֶֽה׃ (יז) ק֚וּם הִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ בָּאָ֔רֶץ לְאׇרְכָּ֖הּ וּלְרׇחְבָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶֽנָּה׃ (יח) וַיֶּאֱהַ֣ל אַבְרָ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֛א וַיֵּ֛שֶׁב בְּאֵלֹנֵ֥י מַמְרֵ֖א אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיִּֽבֶן־שָׁ֥ם מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽה'׃ {פ}
(14) And ה' said to Abram, after Lot had parted from him, “Raise your eyes and look out from where you are, to the north and south, to the east and west, (15) for I give all the land that you see to you and your offspring forever. (16) I will make your offspring as the dust of the earth, so that if one can count the dust of the earth, then your offspring too can be counted. (17) Up, walk about the land, through its length and its breadth, for I give it to you.” (18) And Abram moved his tent, and came to dwell at the terebinths of Mamre, which are in Hebron; and he built an altar there to ה'.

(ג) בְּטַ֣ח בַּ֭ה' וַעֲשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב שְׁכׇן־אֶ֝֗רֶץ וּרְעֵ֥ה אֱמוּנָֽה׃

(3) Trust in the LORD and do good,
abide in the land and remain loyal.

(יז) וַֽה' אָמָ֑ר הַֽמְכַסֶּ֤ה אֲנִי֙ מֵֽאַבְרָהָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶֽׂה׃ (יח) וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם הָי֧וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֛ה לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל וְעָצ֑וּם וְנִ֨בְרְכוּ־ב֔וֹ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (יט) כִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַ֩עַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ ה' לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן הָבִ֤יא ה' עַל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו׃

(17) Now ה' had said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do, (18) since Abraham is to become a great and populous nation and all the nations of the earth are to bless themselves by him? (19) For I have singled him out, that he may instruct his children and his posterity to keep the way of ה' by doing what is just and right, in order that ה' may bring about for Abraham what has been promised him.”

(ב) למען אשר יצוה. לְפִי שֶׁהוּא מְצַוֶּה אֶת בָּנָיו עָלַי לִשְׁמֹר דְּרָכַי. וְאִם תְּפָרְשֵׁהוּ כְתַרְגּוּמוֹ, יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי בוֹ שֶׁיְּצַוֶּה אֶת בָּנָיו וְגוֹ', אֵין לְמַעַן נוֹפֵל עַל הַלָּשׁוֹן:
(2) למען אשר יצוה BECAUSE HE WILL GIVE HIS CHILDREN CHARGE CONCERNING ME TO KEEP MY WAYS. If, however, you explain it as the Targum, “I know “of” him that he will command his sons etc.”, then the word למען does not fit into the sense.

(א) כי ידעתיו למען אשר יצוה לשון רש"י (רש"י על בראשית י״ח:י״ט) ארי ידעתיניה כתרגומו לשון חבה כמו מודע לאישה (רות ב א) ואדעך (שמות לג יז) אמנם עיקר כולם לשון ידיעה שהמחבב את האדם ומקרבו אצלו יודעו ומכירו ואם תפרשהו יודע אני בו שיצוה את בניו אין "למען" נופל על הלשון ויתכן שיהיה "ידעתיו" גדלתיו ורוממתיו בעבור אשר יצוה את בניו אחריו לעשות את הישר לפני ולכך אשימנו לגוי גדול ועצום שיעבדוני וכמוהו ידעתיך בשם (שמות לג יב) מה אדם ותדעהו (תהלים קמד ג) או יאמר "ידעתיו שיצוה" וכן למען ינוח שורך וחמורך (שמות כג יב) שינוח

והנכון בעיני שהיא ידיעה בו ממש ירמוז כי ידיעת השם שהיא השגחתו בעולם השפל היא לשמור הכללים וגם בני האדם מונחים בו למקרים עד בא עת פקודתם אבל בחסידיו ישום אליו לבו לדעת אותו בפרט להיות שמירתו דבקה בו תמיד לא תפרד הידיעה והזכירה ממנו כלל כטעם לא יגרע מצדיק עיניו (איוב לו ז) ובאו מזה פסוקים רבים כדכתיב (תהלים לג יח) הנה עין ה' אל יראיו וזולת זה:

(1) FOR I HAVE KNOWN HIM (‘YEDATIV’), TO THE END (‘LEMA’AN’) THAT HE MAY COMMAND HIS CHILDREN. Rashi comments: “For I have known him, as the Targum takes it, is an expression denoting affection, just as A kinsman (‘moda’) of her husband’s;120Ruth 2:1. And I know thee.121Exodus 33:17. Still the main connotation of all these expressions is that of knowing, for he who holds a person in affection and draws him to himself knows him well and is familiar with him. But if you explain it as the Targum does — i.e., “I know that he will command his children” — then the word lema’an (to the end) does not fit into the sense.”122Our Rashi has a different text. See notes in my Hebrew commentary, p. 110. See also Note 125 further.
It is possible that the word yedativ means “I have raised him and elevated him so that he shall command his children after him to do that which is right before Me, and therefore I will make him a great and mighty nation so that he should serve Me. In a similar sense are the verses: I know thee (‘yedaticha’) by name;123Exodus 33:12. The sense would thus be: “I have made thee great in name.” What is man, that Thou knowest htm?124Psalms 144:3. The sense here then would be: “What is man before Thee that Thou hast given him greatness?” Or the verse may be stating, I know that he will command,125Ramban thus differs with Rashi, who said that if you take the sense of the verse to be, “I know of him that he will command,” then the word lema’an does not fit the context. Ramban proceeds to show from Exodus 23:12 that the words lema’an yanuach mean she’yanuach (that he may rest); here likewise, lema’an asher yetzaveh means she’yetzaveh (that he will command). Thus, the word lema’an is seen to fit into the context. and in a similar sense is the verse, So that thine ox and thine ass may have rest (lema’an yanuach),126Exodus 23:12. See Note above. meaning that he may have rest.
The correct interpretation appears to me to be that the word yedativ literally means “knowing.” He is thus alluding that G-d’s knowledge, which is synonymous with His Providence in the lower world, is to guard the species, and even the children of men are subject despite it to the circumstantial evil occurrences until the time of their visitation comes. But as regards His pious, He directs His Providence to know each one individually so that His watch constantly attaches to him, His knowledge and remembrance of him never departs, as it says: He withdraweth not His eyes from the righteous.127Job 36:7. There are many verses on this theme, as it is written, Behold, the eye of the Eternal is toward them that fear Him,128Psalms 33:18. See Moreh Nebuchim III, 51, where Rambam’s theory on Divine Providence is seen to be similar to that which Ramban expresses here. and other verses besides.

(יג) וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ וְהִנֵּה־אַ֔יִל אַחַ֕ר נֶאֱחַ֥ז בַּסְּבַ֖ךְ בְּקַרְנָ֑יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אַבְרָהָם֙ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָאַ֔יִל וַיַּעֲלֵ֥הוּ לְעֹלָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ (יד) וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַבְרָהָ֛ם שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא ה' ׀ יִרְאֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר הַיּ֔וֹם בְּהַ֥ר ה' יֵרָאֶֽה׃
(13) When Abraham looked up, his eye fell upon a*a Reading ’eḥad with many Heb. mss. and ancient versions; text ’aḥar “after.” ram, caught in the thicket by its horns. So Abraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in place of his son. (14) And Abraham named that site Adonai-yireh,*Adonai-yireh I.e., “יהוה will see”; cf. v. 8. whence the present saying, “On the mount of ה' there is vision.”*On the mount of ה' there is vision Heb. be-har y-h-w-h yera’eh.
(יד) וּפְלַח וְצַלִּי אַבְרָהָם תַּמָּן בְּאַתְרָא הַהוּא וַאֲמַר קֳדָם ה' הָכָא יְהוֹן פַּלְחַן דָּרַיָּא בְּכֵן יִתְאַמַּר בְּיוֹמָא הָדֵין בְּטוּרָא הָדֵין אַבְרָהָם קֳדָם ה' פְּלָח:

(14) Avraham called the name of that place, Adonoy will see; as it is said [to] this day, On Adonoy’s mountain, He will be seen. [Avraham worshiped and prayed there in that place, and he said before Adoshem, “Here will generations worship”. Therefore, as it is said [to] this day, “On this mountain Avraham worshiped before Adoshem”.]

ה' יראה. פְּשׁוּטוֹ כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, ה' יִבְחַר וְיִרְאֶה לוֹ אֶת הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה לְהַשְׁרוֹת בּוֹ שְׁכִינָתוֹ וּלְהַקְרִיב כָּאן קָרְבָּנוֹת:
'ה יראה Its real meaning is as the Targum renders it: The Lord will choose and select for Himself this place to make His Shechinah reside in it and for sacrifices to be offered there.

וּפְלַח וְצַלֵי אַבְרָהָם בְּשֵׁם מֵימְרֵיהּ דַיְיָ וַאֲמַר אַתְּ הוּא ה' דְחָמֵי וְלָא מִתְחַמֵי בְּבָעוּ רַחֲמִין מִן קֳדָמָךְ... וּכְדוּן בְּבָעוּ רַחֲמִין מִן קֳדָמָךְ ה' אֱלֹקִים כַּד יְהֶוְיַין בְּנוֹי דְיִצְחָק עַלְלִין לְשַׁעַת אַנַנְקִי תֶּהֱוֵי מִדְכַּר לְהוֹן עֲקֵידָתֵיהּ דְיִצְחָק אֲבוּהוֹן וּשְׁרֵי וּשְׁבִיק לְחוֹבֵיהוֹן וּפְרוֹק יַתְהוֹן מִן כָּל אַנַנְקִי דְעַתִידִין דָרַיָא לְמֵיקַם מִן בַּתְרֵיהּ לְמֶהֱוֵי אָמְרִין בְּטוּר בֵּית מִקְדְשֵׁיהּ דַיְיָ קָרִיב אַבְרָהָם יַת יִצְחָק בְּרֵיהּ וּבְּטוּרָא הָדֵין הוּא בֵּית מַקְדְשָׁא אִיתְגְלִית עֲלוֹי יְקַר שְׁכִינְתָּא דַיְיָ:

And Abrahm prayed in the name of the Word of the Lord, and said, Thou art the Lord who seest, and art not seen. I pray for mercy before Thee, O Lord. .... And now I pray for mercies before Thee, O Lord God, that when the children of Izhak offer in the hour of need, the binding of Izhak their father Thou mayest remember on their behalf, and remit and forgive their sins, and deliver them out of all need. That the generations who are to arise after him may say, In the mountain of the house of the sanctuary of the Lord did Abraham offer Izhak his son, and in this mountain of the house of the sanctuary was revealed unto him the glory of the Shekinah of the Lord.

(יג) וַתִּקְרָ֤א שֵׁם־ה' הַדֹּבֵ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַתָּ֖ה אֵ֣ל רֳאִ֑י כִּ֣י אָֽמְרָ֗ה הֲגַ֥ם הֲלֹ֛ם רָאִ֖יתִי אַחֲרֵ֥י רֹאִֽי׃ (יד) עַל־כֵּן֙ קָרָ֣א לַבְּאֵ֔ר בְּאֵ֥ר לַחַ֖י רֹאִ֑י הִנֵּ֥ה בֵין־קָדֵ֖שׁ וּבֵ֥ין בָּֽרֶד׃

(13) And she called the name of Hashem who spoke to her, “You Are El-roi,”*El-roi Apparently “God of Seeing.” by which she meant, “Have I not gone on seeing after my being seen!” (14) Therefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi;*Beer-lahai-roi Apparently “the Well of the Living One who sees me.” it is between Kadesh and Bered.—

(יג) וְאוֹדִיאַת קֳדָם ה' דְמֵימְרֵיהּ מִתְמַלֵל לָהּ וְכֵן אָמְרַת אַנְתְּ הוּא חַי וְקַיָים דְחָמֵי וְלָא מִתְחָמֵי אֲרוּם אַמְרַת הָא בְּרַם הָכָא אִתְגְלִיאַת יְקַר שְכִינְתָּא דַיְיָ בָּתַר חֶזְיָא (יד) בְּגִין כֵּן קָרָא לְבֵירָא בֵּירָא דְאִתְגְלֵי עֲלָהּ חַי וְקַיָם וְהָא הִיא יְהִיבָא בֵּין רְקַם וּבֵין חֲלוּצָה

(13) And she gave thanks before the Lord whose Word spake to her, and thus said, Thou art He who livest and art eternal; who seest, but art not seen! for she said, For, behold, here is revealed the glory of the Shekina of the Lord after a vision. (14) Wherefore she called the well, The Well at which the Living and Eternal One was revealed; and, behold, it is situate between Rekam and Chalutsa.
ה׳ יראה. מזה המקום יראה להשגיח על עולמו שהרי כאן הוא מקום מלכותו ית׳ כדאיתא בר״ה דג׳ שתוקעין בביהמ״ק בחצוצרות ושופר משום שנאמר בחצוצרות וקול שופר הריעו לפני המלך ה׳:
The Lord will see: From this place He shall see, to oversee His world. For behold, here is the place of His Kingship, may He be blessed - as it is found in Rosh Hashanah (27a) [Chapter] 3, that we blast trumpets and a horn in the Temple, because it is stated (Psalms 98:6), "With trumpets and the blast of the horn, raise a shout before the Lord, the King."

אשר יאמר היום. לאחר מ״ת ונצטוו לבנות בהמ״ק שם ויהיה שם ראיית פנים בעזרה:

As it is said this day: After the giving of the Torah, when they were commanded to build the Temple there, such that there would be appearance of the face in the courtyard.

(א) אָ֖ז אָמַ֣ר שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה ה' אָמַ֔ר לִשְׁכּ֖וֹן בָּעֲרָפֶֽל׃ (ב) וַאֲנִ֛י בָּנִ֥יתִי בֵית־זְבֻ֖ל לָ֑ךְ וּמָכ֥וֹן לְשִׁבְתְּךָ֖ עוֹלָמִֽים׃

(1) aCf. 1 Kings 8.12–53.Then Solomon declared:
“The LORD has chosen
To abide in a thick cloud;
(2) I have built for You
A stately House,
And a place where You
May dwell forever.”
עולמים. כי שילה ונב וגבעון לא היו עולמים; כי לא היו הם המקום הנבחר אשר נאמר עליו "אל המקום אשר יבחר ה''" (דב' יב,כו), כי אם זה המקום – שהוא הר המוריה – שעקד אברהם אבינו את יצחק בנו בו (בר' כב,ט) וקראו "ה'' יראה" (בר' כב,יד), ואמ' "בהר ה'' יראה" (שם) כי באותו ההר יראה לדורות. ודוד כשראה שנעתר שם וירד שם על עולותיו אש מן השמים ידע כי הוא המקום הנבחר, ואמ' "זה הוא בית...האלקים וזה מזבח לעולה לישראל" (דה"א כב,א):
Forever. After all, Shiloh, Nob, and Gibeon were not forever: none of them were the chosen site, about which the text says, “to the site that the Lord will choose” (Deut 12:26). Instead, it was this site, Mount Moriah, on which Abraham bound his son Isaac (Gen 22:9), which he called “the Lord will see” (Gen 22:14), and [concerning which] he said, “the mountain upon which the Lord shall appear” (ibid.)—meaning that He will appear on that mountain for all generations. When David saw the response he received there—the fire that descended there from the heavens upon his burnt offerings—he knew that it was the chosen site, and he said: “This is the abode of … God, the altar of burnt offerings for Israel” (1 Chr 22:1).
(א) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד זֶ֣ה ה֔וּא בֵּ֖ית ה' הָאֱלֹקִ֑ים וְזֶה־מִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לְעֹלָ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {פ}
(1) David said, “Here will be the House of the LORD and here the altar of burnt offerings for Israel.”

כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּבְנָה הַמִּקְדָּשׁ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם נֶאֶסְרוּ כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת כֻּלָּן לִבְנוֹת בָּהֶן בַּיִת לַה' וּלְהַקְרִיב בָּהֶן קָרְבָּן. וְאֵין שָׁם בַּיִת לְדוֹרֵי הַדּוֹרוֹת אֶלָּא בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם בִּלְבַד וּבְהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה שֶׁבָּהּ נֶאֱמַר (דברי הימים א כב א) "וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִיד זֶה הוּא בֵּית ה' הָאֱלֹקִים וְזֶה מִּזְבֵּחַ לְעלָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל" וְאוֹמֵר (תהילים קלב יד) "זֹאת מְנוּחָתִי עֲדֵי עַד":

Once the Temple was built in Jerusalem, it became forbidden to build a sanctuary for God or to offer sacrifices in any other place.
There is no Sanctuary for all generations except in Jerusalem and [specifically,] on Mt. Moriah, as [I Chronicles 22:1] states: "And David declared: 'This is the House of the Lord, God, and this is the altar for the burnt offerings of Israel.' and [Psalms 132:14] states: "This is My resting place forever."
הַמִּזְבֵחַ מְקוֹמוֹ מְכֻוָּן בְּיוֹתֵר. וְאֵין מְשַׁנִּין אוֹתוֹ מִמְּקוֹמוֹ לְעוֹלָם. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים א כב א) "זֶה מִזְבַּח לְעוֹלָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל". וּבַמִּקְדָּשׁ נֶעֱקַד יִצְחָק אָבִינוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כב ב) "וְלֶךְ לְךָ אֶל אֶרֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּה". וְנֶאֱמַר בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים (דברי הימים ב ג א) "וַיָּחֶל שְׁלֹמֹה לִבְנוֹת אֶת בֵּית ה' בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם בְּהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה אֲשֶׁר נִרְאָה לְדָוִיד אָבִיהוּ אֲשֶׁר הֵכִין בִּמְקוֹם דָּוִיד בְּגֹרֶן אָרְנָן הַיְבוּסִי":
The Altar is [to be constructed] in a very precise location, which may never be changed, as it is said (II Chronicles 22:1 : "This is the Altar for the burnt offerings of Israel."
Isaac was prepared as a sacrifice on the Temple's [future] site, as it is said (Genesis 22:2 : "Go to the land of Moriah," and in Chronicles (II 3:1), it is said: "Then, Solomon began to build the House of the Lord in Jerusalem, on Mt. Moriah, where [the Lord] appeared to David, his father, in the place that David had prepared, in the threshing floor of Ornan, the Jebusite."
(יז) שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה יֵרָאֶה֙ כׇּל־זְכ֣וּרְךָ֔ אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הָאָדֹ֥ן ׀ ה'׃
(17) Three times a year all your males shall appear before the Sovereign, ה'.
משנה תורה להרמבם: הלכות קרבנות: חגיגה: הקדמה
ש בכללן שש מצוות, ארבע מצוות עשה, ושתיא מצוות לא תעשה, וזה הוא פרטן, א׳ להיראות פני י״י ב׳ לחוג בשלשהב רגלים, ג׳ לשמוח ברגלים, ד׳ שלא ייראה ריקם,...

שָׁלֹשׁ מִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה נִצְטַוּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכָל רֶגֶל מִשָּׁלֹשׁ רְגָלִים וְאֵלּוּ הֵן. הָרְאִיָּה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כג יז) (שמות לד כג) (דברים טז טז) "יֵרָאֶה כָּל זְכוּרְךָ". וְהַחֲגִיגָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טז טו) "תָּחֹג לַה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ". וְהַשִּׂמְחָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טז יד) "וְשָׂמַחְתָּ בְּחַגֶּךָ". הָרְאִיָּה הָאֲמוּרָה בַּתּוֹרָה הִיא שֶׁנִּרְאֶה פָּנָיו בָּעֲזָרָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג וְיָבִיא עִמּוֹ קָרְבַּן עוֹלָה בֵּין מִן הָעוֹף בֵּין מִן הַבְּהֵמָה. וּמִי שֶׁבָּא לָעֲזָרָה בְּיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן וְלֹא הֵבִיא עוֹלָה לֹא דַּיּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה אֶלָּא עוֹבֵר עַל לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כג טו) (שמות לד כ) "לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם".

The Jewish people have been commanded to observe three positive commandments on each of the three pilgrimage festivals. They are:
a) to appear before the Divine presence, as Exodus 23:17 states: "All of your males shall appear";
b) bringing a festive offering, as Deuteronomy 16:15 states: "You shall bring a festive offering to God your Lord"; and
c) celebration, as ibid.:14 states: "And you shall rejoice in festivals."
The Torah's charge to appear before God mandates that one should appear in the Temple Courtyard on the first day of a festival and bring with him a burnt-offering, whether from fowl or from domesticated animals. One who comes to the Temple Courtyard on the first day of a festival without bringing a burnt-offering has not only failed to perform a positive commandment, but has violated a negative commandment, as Exodus 23:15 states: "You shall not appear in My presence empty-handed."

וּדְלָא כִּי הַאי תַּנָּא, דְּתַנְיָא: יוֹחָנָן בֶּן דַּהֲבַאי אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: סוֹמֵא בְּאַחַת מֵעֵינָיו פָּטוּר מִן הָרְאִיָּיה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״יִרְאֶה״, ״יֵרָאֶה״ — כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁבָּא לִרְאוֹת כָּךְ בָּא לֵירָאוֹת. מָה לִרְאוֹת בִּשְׁתֵּי עֵינָיו, אַף לֵירָאוֹת בִּשְׁתֵּי עֵינָיו.
The Gemara notes: And this is not in accordance with the opinion of this tanna, as it is taught in a baraita that Yoḥanan ben Dehavai says in the name of Rabbi Yehuda: One who is blind in one of his eyes is exempt from the mitzva of appearance, as it is stated: “Three occasions in the year all your males will appear [yera’e] before the Lord God” (Exodus 23:17). Since there are no vowels in the text, this can be read as: All your males will see [yireh] the Lord God. This teaches that in the same manner that one comes to see, so he comes to be seen: Just as the usual way to see is with both one’s eyes, so too the obligation to be seen applies only to one who comes with the sight of both his eyes. Therefore, one who is blind in one eye is not obligated in the mitzva of appearance in the Temple.

נָּשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים פְּטוּרִין מִן הָרְאִיָּה....

וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁכָּל אֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִין מִן הָרְאִיָּה. הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (שמות כג יז) (שמות לד כג) (דברים טז טז) "יֵרָאֶה כָּל זְכוּרְךָ" לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַנָּשִׁים. וּמִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁאֵין הַנָּשִׁים חַיָּבוֹת בָּהּ אֵין הָעֲבָדִים חַיָּבִים בָּהּ. וְעוֹד הֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר בְּבוֹא כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיא הָעֲבָדִים. וְנֶאֱמַר (דברים לא יא) "בְּבוֹא כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵרָאוֹת". כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהֵן בָּאִין לְהֵרָאוֹת לִפְנֵי ה' כָּךְ הֵם בָּאִים לִרְאוֹת הֲדַר קָדְשׁוֹ וּבֵית שְׁכִינָתוֹ. לְהוֹצִיא סוּמָא שֶׁאֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה. אֲפִלּוּ נִסְמֵית עֵינוֹ אַחַת שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין רְאִיָּתוֹ שְׁלֵמָה. וְשָׁם נֶאֱמַר (דברים לא יב) "לְמַעַן יִשְׁמְעוּ". לְהוֹצִיא מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שְׁמִיעָה גְּמוּרָה. (דברים לא יב) "וּלְמַעַן יִלְמְדוּ". לְהוֹצִיא מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְדַבֵּר. שֶׁכָּל הַמְצֻוֶּה לִלְמֹד מְצֻוֶּה לְלַמֵּד...

Women and servants are exempt from the obligation to appear before God on festivals....
What is the source that all the above are exempt from appearing before God? Exodus 23:17 states: "All of your males shall appear"; this excludes women. And any positive commandment for which women are not obligated, servants are not obligated. Moreover, Deuteronomy 31:11 "When all Israel come to appear"; this excludes servants.
The phrase "When all Israel come to appear" implies that just as they come to appear before God, so too, they come to see the glory of His holiness and the house where His presence rests. Thus it excludes a blind person who cannot see; he is exempt even if only one eye is blinded, because his sight is not perfect.
That passage continues: "So that they will hear." This excludes one whose hearing is not perfect. And it states: "So that they will learn." This excludes one who does not speak, because everyone who is obligated to learn is also obligated to teach.

(י) וַיְצַ֥ו מֹשֶׁ֖ה אוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֗ים בְּמֹעֵ֛ד שְׁנַ֥ת הַשְּׁמִטָּ֖ה בְּחַ֥ג הַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ (יא) בְּב֣וֹא כׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵֽרָאוֹת֙ אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ ה' אֱלֹקֶ֔יךָ בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֑ר תִּקְרָ֞א אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את נֶ֥גֶד כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאׇזְנֵיהֶֽם׃ (יב) הַקְהֵ֣ל אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְהַנָּשִׁים֙ וְהַטַּ֔ף וְגֵרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֨עַן יִשְׁמְע֜וּ וּלְמַ֣עַן יִלְמְד֗וּ וְיָֽרְאוּ֙ אֶת־ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶ֔ם וְשָֽׁמְר֣וּ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־כׇּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ (יג) וּבְנֵיהֶ֞ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יָדְע֗וּ יִשְׁמְעוּ֙ וְלָ֣מְד֔וּ לְיִרְאָ֖ה אֶת־ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶ֑ם כׇּל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֤ם חַיִּים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ {פ}
(10) And Moses instructed them as follows: Every seventh year,*Every seventh year See note at 15.1. the year set for remission, at the Feast of Booths, (11) when all Israel comes to appear before your God ה' in the place that [God] will choose, you shall read this Teaching aloud in the presence of all Israel. (12) Gather the people—men, women, children,*men, women, children Or “householders, wives, [other] dependents.” Cf. 2.34; 3.6. See the Dictionary under “householder” and ṭaph. and the strangers in your communities—that they may hear and so learn to revere your God ה' and to observe faithfully every word of this Teaching. (13) Their children, too, who have not had the experience, shall hear and learn to revere your God ה' as long as they live in the land that you are about to cross the Jordan to possess.
באזניהם. שיכנס באזניהם. היינו שיתרגמו ויבינו מה ששומעים:
למען ילמדו. כל השנה ג״‎כ השבת:
THAT THEY MAY LEARN. The entire year. Similarly on the Sabbath.
ויראו את ה' אלקיכם. בהבינם גדלו הבא בתורתו במופתים שכליים:
ויראו את ה' אלוקיכם, once they have understood the greatness of Torah they will automatically revere and be in awe of its author, G’d, whose supreme intelligence they will admire.
מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לְהַקְהִיל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנָשִׁים וְנָשִׁים וְטַף בְּכָל מוֹצָאֵי שְׁמִטָּה בַּעֲלוֹתָם לָרֶגֶל וְלִקְרוֹת בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם מִן הַתּוֹרָה פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת שֶׁהֵן מְזָרְזוֹת אוֹתָן בְּמִצְוֹת וּמְחַזְּקוֹת יְדֵיהֶם בְּדַת הָאֱמֶת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לא י) "מִקֵּץ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים בְּמֹעֵד שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָּה בְּחַג הַסֻּכּוֹת" (דברים לא יא) "בְּבוֹא כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵרָאוֹת" וְגוֹ' (דברים לא יב) "הַקְהֵל אֶת הָעָם הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְהַטַּף וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ" וְגוֹ':
It is a positive commandment to gather together the entire Jewish people - men, women, and children - after every Sabbatical year when they ascend for the pilgrimage holiday and to read so that they hear passages from the Torah that encourage them to perfom mitzvot and strengthem them in the true faith, as Deuteronomy 31:10-12 states: "At the end of a seven-year period, at the time of the Sabbatial year on the Sukkot holiday when all Israel come to appear... gather the nation, the men, the women, the children, and your stranger in your gates...."
מבוא באר לחי רואי. שֶׁהָלַךְ לְהָבִיא הָגָר לְאַבְרָהָם אָבִיו שֶׁיִּשָּׂאֶנָּה (בראשית רבה):
מבוא באר לחי ראי HE HAD JUST COME FROM THE WELL LACHAI-ROI— For he had gone there to bring Hagar back to Abraham that he might take her again as his wife (Genesis Rabbah 60:14).