ועל דרך האמת, לכבוד ולתפארת, יאמר שיעשו בגדי קדש לאהרן לשרת בהם לכבוד השם השוכן בתוכם ולתפארת עזם, כדכתיב (תהלים פט יח) כי תפארת עזמו אתה וכתיב (ישעיה סד י) בית קדשנו ותפארתנו אשר הללוך אבותינו, וקדשנו הוא הכבוד ותפארתנו תפארת ישראל, ועוד נאמר (תהלים צו ו) עוז ותפארת במקדשו, וכן לפאר מקום מקדשי ומקום רגלי אכבד (ישעיה ס יג), שיהיה מקום המקדש מפואר בתפארת, ומקום רגליו, שהוא מקום בית המקדש, מכובד בכבוד השם. וכן ובישראל יתפאר (שם מד כג), שיהיה מראה ומיחד בהם תפארתו, וכן אמר למטה גם בבגדי הבנים כלם לכבוד ולתפארת (שמות כ״ח:מ׳), ואמר בקרבנות יעלו על רצון מזבחי ובית תפארתי אפאר (ישעיה ס ז). והנה המזבח רצונו, והכבוד בית תפארתו. והיו הבגדים צריכין עשייה לשמן, ויתכן שיהיו צריכין כוונה, ולכן אמר ואתה תדבר אל כל חכמי לב אשר מלאתיו רוח חכמה (שמות כ״ח:ג׳), שיבינו מה שיעשו וכבר אמרו (יומא סט.) דמות דיוקנו מנצח לפני בבית מלחמתי:
By way of the Truth, [the mystic teachings of the Cabala,] majesty is to kavod (glory) and to tiphereth (splendor),43Cabalistic terms for certain Emanations. the verse thus stating that they should make holy garments for Aaron to minister in them to the Glory of G-d Who dwells in their midst, and to the Splendor of their strength, as it is written, For Thou art the Glory of their strength,44Psalms 89:18. and it is further stated, Our holy and our beautiful house, where our fathers praised Thee,45Isaiah 64:10. meaning [“the house of] our Holy One” which is the Glory, and “of our Splendor” which is the Splendor of Israel. And it is further stated, Strength and beauty are in His Sanctuary,46Psalms 96:6. and similarly, To beautify the place of My Sanctuary, and I will make the place of My feet glorious47Isaiah 60:13. — meaning, that the place of the Sanctuary will be glorified by the Splendor, and the place of His feet, which is the place of the Sanctuary, will be honored by the presence of the Glory of G-d. And in Israel will He glorify Himself48Ibid., 44:23. also means that in Israel He will show and designate His Splendor. Likewise He says further with respect to the garments of all of Aaron’s sons, that they are for splendor and for beauty.49Further, Verse 40. Of the sacrifices He also says, they will come up with ‘ratzon’ (‘will’ — acceptance) on Mine altar, and I will glorify My glorious house.50Isaiah 60:7. Thus the altar is His Will and the house of His Glory is the Splendor.
The [priestly] garments had to be made with the intention to be used for that purpose. It is possible that in making them, intent of heart [for what they symbolize] was also needed on the part of their makers. It is for this reason that He said, And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise-hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom51Verse 3. — who will understand what they will do. And the Rabbis have already said [of Alexander the Great, that when asked by his generals why he descended from his chariot to bow before the High Priest Simon the Just, he answered]:52Yoma 69a. The story told there is that when Alexander the Great conquered the Land of Israel the Samaritans petitioned him to destroy the Temple in Jerusalem. Thereupon a procession of notables went out from Jerusalem headed by Simon the Just, the High Priest, who was attired in the high priestly garments. They walked a whole night with torches in their hand until dawn. In the morning as soon as Alexander saw Simon the Just, he descended from his chariot and bowed down to him. When the Samaritans said to him, “Such a great king as thou art dost thou bow thyself to that Jew?” He replied, “His image etc.” “His image glistened before me whenever I had a victory.”
(א) כָּל רוּחוֹ יוֹצִיא כְסִיל (משלי כט, יא), זֶה אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ. וְחָכָם בְּאָחוֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶנָּה, זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁהוּא מְשַׁדֵּיךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (תהלים סה, ח): מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמִּים שְׁאוֹן גַּלֵּיהֶם וַהֲמוֹן לְאֻמִּים.
בְּהַרְאֹתוֹ אֶת עשֶׁר כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ, דְּבֵית רַבִּי יַנַּאי וְחִזְקִיָּה, תַּרְוֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין שִׁשָּׁה נִיסִין הָיָה פּוֹתֵחַ וּמַרְאֶה לָהֶן בְּכָל יוֹם. רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר, מִינֵי יְצִיאוֹת הֶרְאָה לָהֶן. רַבִּי יוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן אָמַר סְעוּדַת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הֶרְאָה לָהֶן. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר בִּגְדֵי כְּהֻנָּה גְדוֹלָה הֶרְאָה לָהֶם, נֶאֱמַר כָּאן תִּפְאֶרֶת גְּדֻלָּתוֹ, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן (שמות כח, ב): וְעָשִׂיתָ בִגְדֵי קֹדֶשׁ לְאַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ לְכָבוֹד וּלְתִפְאָרֶת, מַה תִּפְאֶרֶת הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן בִּגְדֵי כְּהֻנָּה גְדוֹלָה, אַף תִּפְאֶרֶת הָאָמוּר כָּאן בִּגְדֵי כְּהֻנָּה גְדוֹלָה. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ אָמַר בֵּין מִן דִּידֵיהּ וּבֵין לָא מִדִּידֵיהּ מִתְגַּלְגֶּלֶת בַּת קְבַרְיָיא. מֵהֵיכָן הֶעֱשִׁיר אוֹתוֹ רָשָׁע, אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר שְׁחִיק מְחִיק, סִגֵּל כָּל מָמוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, וְהָיְתָה עֵינוֹ צָרָה בְּמָמוֹנוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּטָה לָמוּת אָמַר מָה אֲנִי אֲנִיחַ כָּל מָמוֹן זֶה לֶאֱוִיל, עָמַד וְגָזַר וְעָשָׂה סְפִינוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת שֶׁל נְחשֶׁת, מִלֵּא אוֹתָן מָמוֹן וְחָפַר וְהִטְמִינָם בִּפְרָת, וְהָפַךְ פְּרָת עֲלֵיהֶן, וְיוֹם שֶׁעָמַד כּוֹרֶשׁ וְגָזַר שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, גִּלָּה אוֹתָן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה מה, א): כֹּה אָמַר ה' לִמְשִׁיחוֹ לְכוֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר הֶחֱזַקְתִּי בִימִינוֹ לְרַד לְפָנָיו גּוֹיִם וגו' וּשְׁעָרִים לֹא יִסָּגֵרוּ. וּכְתִיב בַּתְרֵיהּ: וְנָתַתִּי לְךָ אוֹצְרוֹת חשֶׁךְ וּמַטְמֻנֵי מִסְתָּרִים וגו'.
(1) The fool vents all his spirit, and the wise will soothe it, restraining it” (Proverbs 29:11). “The fool vents all his spirit” – this is Aḥashverosh; “and the wise will soothe it, keeping it back” – this is the Holy One, blessed be He, who soothes Aḥashverosh. That is what you said: “Who stills the raging seas, the raging waves, and the tumult of the peoples” (Psalms 65:8).
“With his display of the wealth of his glorious kingdom, and the honor of his splendid majesty for many days, one hundred and eighty days” (Esther 1:4).
“Of the wealth of his glorious kingdom” – the school of Rabbi Yannai and Ḥizkiyya both said that he [Aḥashverosh] would open [his treasury] and display six treasures each day.1The verse lists six words that relate to Aḥashverosh’s wealth: Osher, kevod, malkhuto, yekar, tiferet, gedulato. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: He showed them various types of expenditures. Rabbi Yuda son of Rabbi Simon said: He showed them the feast of the Land of Israel. Rabbi Levi said: He showed them the vestments of the High Priest. Here it is stated: “His splendid [tiferet] majesty” and there it is stated: “You shall make holy vestments for Aaron your brother, for glory and for splendor [tiferet]” (Exodus 28:2). Just as tiferet stated there refers to the vestments of the High Priest, so does tiferet stated here refer to the vestments of the High Priest.
Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Ḥelbo: The raven flaunts both what is its own and what is not its own. From where did that wicked one become wealthy? Rabbi Tanḥuma said: Nebuchadnezzar, may he be crushed and obliterated, gathered all the riches of the world, and he was possessive of his riches. When he was dying, he said: Shall I leave all these riches to Evil [Merodakh, his son]? He immediately decreed that great bronze ships be built; he filled them with riches, dug and buried them adjacent to the Euphrates, and diverted the Euphrates over them. On the day that Cyrus arose and decreed that the Temple will be built, the Holy One blessed be He exposed them; that is what is written: “So said the Lord to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I held to subdue nations before him…and gates will not be shut” (Isaiah 45:1), and it is written thereafter: “I will give you treasures of darkness and hidden riches of secret places…” (Isaiah 45:3).

