Konversations In Kabbalah: An Overview of the Sefirot and their Basis in Tanach
1) פּשט - simple way of understanding, read it like it is
2) רמז - hints that exist in the Torah to allude to something else (ie. Gematria, same word usage, etc)
3) דרש/מדרש - the Rabbis developing a deeper meaning to a story
4) סוד - the esoteric (mystical) part of Torah
פ-ר-ד-ס ~~~ פרדס

(יט) יקוק בְּחׇכְמָ֥ה יָסַד־אָ֑רֶץ כּוֹנֵ֥ן שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם בִּתְבוּנָֽה׃ (כ) בְּ֭דַעְתּוֹ תְּהוֹמ֣וֹת נִבְקָ֑עוּ וּ֝שְׁחָקִ֗ים יִרְעֲפוּ־טָֽל׃

(19) The LORD founded the earth by wisdom;
He established the heavens by understanding;
(20) By His knowledge the depths burst apart,
And the skies distilled dew.

(יא) לְךָ֣ יקוק הַגְּדֻלָּ֨ה וְהַגְּבוּרָ֤ה וְהַתִּפְאֶ֙רֶת֙ וְהַנֵּ֣צַח וְהַה֔וֹד כִּי־כֹ֖ל בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ לְךָ֤ יקוק הַמַּמְלָכָ֔ה וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂ֖א לְכֹ֥ל ׀ לְרֹֽאשׁ׃

(11) Yours, LORD, are greatness, might, splendor, triumph, and majesty—yes, all that is in heaven and on earth; to You, LORD, belong kingship and preeminence above all.
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(ג) ואמנם עיקר מציאות העולם ומצבו האמיתי הוא בכחות ההם העליונים ותולדת מה שבהם הוא מה שבגשמים השפלים וזה בין במה שמתחלת הבריאה ובין במה שמתחדש בהתחלפות הזמנים והיינו כי כפי מה שנברא מן הכחות ההם וכפי הסידור שנסדרו והגבולים שהוגבלו כך היה מה שנשתלשל אח״כ לפי חק ההשתלשלות שרצה בו הבורא ית״ש וכפי מה שנתחדש ומתחדש בהם כך הוא מה שנתחדש ומתחדש בשפלים אכן המציאות המצב והסדר וכל שאר ההבחנות בכחות הם כפי מה ששייך בהם לפי אמתת ענינים והמציאות והמצב והסדר וכל שאר המקרים בשפלים משתלשל ונעתק למה ששייך בהם לפי אמתת ענינם:

(3) In truth, the main existence of the world and its true state [occurs] through these higher powers. And the effects of that which [occurs with] them is [what occurs] to the lower physical beings. And this is whether it is beginning its creation, or it is developing as time passes. And this means that according to what is created from these powers, the order in which they are set and the limits that have been set up, that is what unfolds afterwards according to the axiom of unfolding that the Creator, may His name be blessed, willed. And according to that which develops and will develop among them, is what develops and will develop among the lower creatures. Whereas the existence, condition, arrangement and all of the other distinctions among [the higher] powers are according to that which is appropriate for them in accordance with their true makeup; the existence, condition, arrangement and all of the other occurrences among the lower beings, unfold [from the spiritual beings] and are applied to that which is appropriate in them according to their true natures.

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(ב) דע כי טרם שנאצלו הנאצלים ונבראו הנבראים היה אור עליון פשוט ממלא כל המציאות ולא היה שום מקום פנוי בבחי' אויר ריקני וחלל אלא הכל היה ממולא מן אור א"ס פשוט ההוא ולא היה לו בחי' ראש ולא בחי' סוף אלא הכל היה אור א' פשוט שוה בהשוואה א' והוא הנק' אור א"ס. וכאשר עלה ברצונו הפשוט לברוא העולמות ולהאציל הנאצלים להוציא לאור שלימות פעולותיו ושמותיו וכנוייו אשר זאת היה סיבה בריאת העולמות כמבואר אצלינו בענף הא' בחקירה הראשונה. והנה אז צמצם את עצמו א"ס בנקודה האמצעית אשר בו באמצע אורו ממש (אמר מאיר בערכינו אמר הרב זה וק"ל) וצמצם האור ההוא ונתרחק אל צדדי סביבות הנקודה האמצעית ואז נשאר מקום פנוי ואויר וחלל רקני מנקודה אמצעית ממש כזה <ציור> והנה הצמצום הזה היה בהשואה א' בסביבות הנקודה האמצעית ריקנית ההוא באופן שמקום החלל ההוא היה עגול מכל סביבותיו בהשוואה גמורה ולא היה בתמונת מרובע בעל זויות נצבת לפי שגם א"ס צמצם עצמו בבחי' עגול בהשוואה א' מכל צדדים והסיבה היתה לפי שכיון שאור הא"ס שוה בהשוואה גמורה הוכרח גם כן שיצמצם עצמו בהשוואה א' מכל הצדדים ולא שיצמצם עצמו מצד א' יותר משאר הצדדים. ונודע בחכמת השיעור שאין תמונה כ"כ שוה כמו תמונת העיגול משא"כ בתמונת מרובע בעל זויות נצבת בולטות וכן תמונת המשולש וכיוצא בשאר התמונות וע"כ מוכרח הוא להיות צמצום הא"ס בבחי' עיגול והסיבה הוא בעבור שהוא שוה בכל מידותיו כנ"ל. גם בפ' בא דמ"ב איתא מנא בעיגולא דאיהו י' ועיין בפ' פקודי דרנ"ח דקאמר כי היכלות ומה שבהם הם עיגולים.

(2) 2. Know that before the emanations were emanated and the creations were created, there was a simple supernal light that filled all of existence, and there was no empty space in the form of void and empty air. Rather, everything was filled with that simple infinite light, which had no beginning or end. It was simply one equal light, and it is called the "Ein Sof" light. And when it arose in His simple Will to create worlds and to emanate the emanated beings in order to bring forth the perfection of His actions, names, and designations, which was the reason for the creation of the worlds, as explained in Branch One in the First Inquiry. And behold, then He contracted Himself, may He be blessed, in the middle point, precisely at that point where His light was in the most absolute state (Meir says in our version that the Rabbi said this, and it may be inferred). And that light was then contracted and withdrew to the sides surrounding the central point, and then a void, air, and empty space were left, from a central point just like this <illustration>. And behold, this contraction was equal on all sides of the central point, so that the space was perfectly circular from all sides, without any square corners, because the blessed Ain Sof contracted Himself in a perfectly circular form from all sides, and the reason was that since the light of the Ain Sof was absolutely equal on all sides, it was also necessary for Him to contract Himself in a completely equal manner from all sides, and not more from one side than from the others. And it is known from the wisdom of the lesson that there is no image that is as equal as the image of a circle, unlike a square image with protruding angles, as well as the image of a triangle and the like in other images. Therefore, it is necessary for the contraction of the infinite divine light to be in the form of a circle, since it is equal in all its measurements. Also, in tractate Bava Metzia, it is mentioned that a circle is found to have a value of ten. See also in parsha Pekudei that it is said that the chambers and their contents are circles.

(ד) והנה אחר הצמצום הנ"ל אשר אז נשאר מקום החלל ואויר פנוי וריקני באמצע אור הא"ס ממש כנ"ל הנה כבר היה מקום שיוכלו להיות שם הנאצלים והנבראים ויצורים והנעשים ואז המשיך מן אור א"ס קו א' ישר מן האור העגול שלו מלמעלה למטה ומשתלשל ויורד תוך החלל ההוא כזה.

(4) 4. After the aforementioned contraction, there remained a space and empty air in the middle of the light of Ein Sof exactly as before. Here, there was already a place where the creations and formations could be there, as well as those that were made. And then it continued from the light of the Ein Sof, a straight line from its circular light from above to below, and it cascaded and descended within that space like this.

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Keter represents the Will (Divine and/or Human) that is beyond conscious intellect. It is the Will that precedes thought, speech, or action. When it is included in the system of Ten Sefirot, Da'at (below) is left out. Keter often stands on its own in its own category, leaving the "tenth slot" open for Da'at. It is commonly referred to as Crown.
Chochma represents the first impulse to Create. It is the first flash or influx of intuition or inspiration that creates a conscious thought. It is most commonly referred to as Wisdom.
Binah represents the stage at which the inspiration begins to take on a definite form. It is the processes of analysis, contemplation, discernment, and distinguishing. Most commonly it is referred to as Understanding.
Da'at represents the stage where the understood idea or concept becomes integrated into one's psyche and becomes knowledge. When it is included in the system of Ten, Keter (above) is left out. It is commonly translated as Knowledge.
Chesed is the stage where a thought first transitions into behavior. It is the flow of energy that carries the positive connotations of generosity, benevolence, kindness, and unconditional Love. It is most commonly translated as Loving-kindness.
Gevurah is the counterbalance to Chesed. It is the energy behind boundaries, judgement, justice, strength, and restraint. It is most commonly translated as Strength.
Tiferet is found in the middle of the "tree" of the Sefirot and is the creative energy birthed from a balanced relationship between Chesed and Gevurah. As such, it is the energy of balance, connectedness, context, and harmony. It is most commonly translated as Beauty.
Netzach is the more mature and earthy extension of the energies of Chesed. It is the energy of giving and flow channeled in such a way that it often overwhelms and dominates. As such, it is the energy of overcoming, endurance, dominance, stamina, and mastery. It is most commonly translated as Victory.
Hod is the more mature and earthy extension of Gevurah. It is the form of restraint that manifests as humility. Its sensitive energy reveals the beauty and grandeur of the universe and all things in it. It is the energy behind admission, gratitude, honor, respect, and reflection. It is most commonly translated as Splendor.
Yesod is the more mature and earthy extension of Tiferet. It is the gravitational foundational point which draws all the previous channels of Sefirotic energy together and acts as a funnel through which all the previous Sefirot might become more tangibly expressed. In that way, it carries the energies of relationship, creation, and manifestation. It is most commonly translated as Foundation.
Malchut is the playing field itself. It "has nothing of its own" and as such, does not exert any influential energies of its own. Rather, it acts as the field upon which all the various combinations and interactions between the other Sefirot can occur. It gives all things the opportunity to find their context, and in that function, impalpably guides all processes. As such, it is associated with the Shechina, the Divine Feminine Presence which guides all things. It is most commonly translated as Sovereignty.
- Dance of the Omer, Rav Benji Elson