Background on Shabbat
(ח) זָכ֛וֹר֩ אֶת־י֥֨וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖֜ת לְקַדְּשֽׁ֗וֹ׃ (ט) שֵׁ֤֣שֶׁת יָמִ֣ים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד֮ וְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָ כׇּֿל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒׃ (י) וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כׇל־מְלָאכָ֜֡ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָ֣͏ֽ־וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ׃ (יא) כִּ֣י שֵֽׁשֶׁת־יָמִים֩ עָשָׂ֨ה ה׳ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וְאֶת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔ם וַיָּ֖נַח בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ ה׳ אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃ {ס}
(8) Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy. (9) Six days you shall labor and do all your work, (10) but the seventh day is a sabbath of your God ה׳: you shall not do any work—you, your son or daughter, your male or female slave, or your cattle, or the stranger who is within your settlements. (11) For in six days ה׳ made heaven and earth and sea—and all that is in them—and then rested on the seventh day; therefore ה׳ blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
(יב) שָׁמ֛֣וֹר אֶת־י֥וֹם֩ הַשַּׁבָּ֖֨ת לְקַדְּשׁ֑֜וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖֣ ׀ ה׳ אֱלֹקֶֽ֗יךָ׃ (יג) שֵׁ֤֣שֶׁת יָמִ֣ים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד֮ וְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָ כׇּֿל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒׃ (יד) וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֑֗יךָ לֹ֣א תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה כׇל־מְלָאכָ֡ה אַתָּ֣ה וּבִנְךָֽ־וּבִתֶּ֣ךָ וְעַבְדְּךָֽ־וַ֠אֲמָתֶ֠ךָ וְשׁוֹרְךָ֨ וַחֲמֹֽרְךָ֜ וְכׇל־בְּהֶמְתֶּ֗ךָ וְגֵֽרְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֗עַן יָנ֛וּחַ עַבְדְּךָ֥ וַאֲמָתְךָ֖ כָּמֽ֑וֹךָ׃ (טו) וְזָכַרְתָּ֗֞ כִּ֣י־עֶ֤֥בֶד הָיִ֣֙יתָ֙ ׀ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔֗יִם וַיֹּצִ֨אֲךָ֜֩ ה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֤֙יךָ֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם֙ בְּיָ֥֤ד חֲזָקָ֖ה֙ וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑֔ה עַל־כֵּ֗ן צִוְּךָ֙ ה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֔יךָ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ {ס} (טז) כַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ ה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־ה׳ אֱלֹקֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ {ס}
(12) Observe the sabbath day and keep it holy, as your God ה׳ has commanded you. (13) Six days you shall labor and do all your work, (14) but the seventh day is a sabbath of your God ה׳; you shall not do any work—you, your son or your daughter, your male or female slave, your ox or your ass, or any of your cattle, or the stranger in your settlements, so that your male and female slave may rest as you do. (15) Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt and your God ה׳ freed you from there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm; therefore your God ה׳ has commanded you to observe the sabbath day. (16) Honor your father and your mother, as your God ה׳ has commanded you, that you may long endure, and that you may fare well, in the land that your God ה׳ is assigning to you.
- Erev Shabbat - Friday, sundown - Kabbalat Shabbat, welcoming Shabbat in
- Shabbat day - Saturday morning through Saturday late afternoon
- End of Shabbat - stars out, Havdalah - ceremony to transition from Shabbat into the new week
- Prayers for welcoming in Shabbat
Light the Shabbat candles on Friday night, then recite the blessing.
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה, ה׳ אֱלֹקֵינוּ, מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר שֶׁל שַׁבָּת.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech haolam
Asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'zivanu l'hadlik ner shel Shabbat
TRANSLATION
Blessed are You, Eternal our God, Sovereign of time and space.
You hallow us with Your mitzvot and command us to kindle the lights of Shabbat.
And there was evening and there was morning,
the sixth day.
The heaven and the earth were finished, and all their array. On the seventh day God finished the work that God had been doing, and God ceased on the seventh day from all the work that God had done. And God blessed the seventh day and declared it holy, because on it God ceased from all the work of creation that God had done.
...blessings to You Ado-nai, Sovereign of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה, ה׳ אֱלֹקֵינוּ, מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai
Eloheinu melech haolam,
hamotzi lechem min haaretz.
TRANSLATION
Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, who brings forth bread from the earth.
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה, ה׳ אֱלֹקֵינוּ, מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר שֶׁל שַׁבָּת.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech haolam
Asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'zivanu l'hadlik ner shel Shabbat
TRANSLATION
Blessed are You, Eternal our God, Sovereign of time and space.
You hallow us with Your mitzvot and command us to kindle the lights of Shabbat.
And there was evening and there was morning,
the sixth day.
The heaven and the earth were finished, and all their array. On the seventh day God finished the work that God had been doing, and God ceased on the seventh day from all the work that God had done. And God blessed the seventh day and declared it holy, because on it God ceased from all the work of creation that God had done.
...blessings to You Ado-nai, Sovereign of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה, ה׳ אֱלֹקֵינוּ, מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai
Eloheinu melech haolam,
hamotzi lechem min haaretz.
TRANSLATION
Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, who brings forth bread from the earth.
- Blessings for the end of Shabbat
BLESSING OVER THE WINE
(Lift the cup of wine or grape juice, and recite the blessing:)
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּֽפֶן.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam, borei p'ri hagafen.
TRANSLATION
We praise You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, Creator of the fruit of the vine.
BLESSING OVER THE SPICES
(Hold up the spice box, and recite the blessing:)
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא מִינֵי בְשָׂמִים.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam, borei minei v'samim.
TRANSLATION
We praise You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, Creator of varied spices.
BLESSING OVER THE FLAME
(Hold the Havdalah candle, and recite the blessing:)
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam,
borei m'orei ha-esh.
TRANSLATION
We praise You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, Creator of the lights of fire.
BLESSING OF SEPARATION
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, הַמַּבְדִיל בֵּין קֹֽדֶשׁ לְחוֹל, בֵּין אוֹר לְחֹֽשֶׁךְ, בֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל לָעַמִּים, בֵּין יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי לְשֵֽׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, הַמַּבְדִיל בֵּין קֹֽדֶשׁ לְחוֹל.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam,
hamavdil bein kodesh l'chol, bein or l'choshech,
bein Yisrael laamim,
bein yom hash'vi-i l'sheishet y'mei hamaaseh.
Baruch atah Adonai, hamavdil bein kodesh l'chol.
TRANSLATION
Praise to You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all: who distinguishes between the holy and ordinary, between light and dark, between Israel and the nations, between the seventh day and the six days of work. Praise to You, Adonai who distinguishes the holy and ordinary.
(Sip the wine or grape juice. Then extinguish the candle in the remaining wine or grape juice.)
SHAVUA TOV
(Lift the cup of wine or grape juice, and recite the blessing:)
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּֽפֶן.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam, borei p'ri hagafen.
TRANSLATION
We praise You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, Creator of the fruit of the vine.
BLESSING OVER THE SPICES
(Hold up the spice box, and recite the blessing:)
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא מִינֵי בְשָׂמִים.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam, borei minei v'samim.
TRANSLATION
We praise You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, Creator of varied spices.
BLESSING OVER THE FLAME
(Hold the Havdalah candle, and recite the blessing:)
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam,
borei m'orei ha-esh.
TRANSLATION
We praise You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all, Creator of the lights of fire.
BLESSING OF SEPARATION
HEBREW TEXT
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, הַמַּבְדִיל בֵּין קֹֽדֶשׁ לְחוֹל, בֵּין אוֹר לְחֹֽשֶׁךְ, בֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל לָעַמִּים, בֵּין יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי לְשֵֽׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳, הַמַּבְדִיל בֵּין קֹֽדֶשׁ לְחוֹל.
TRANSLITERATION
Baruch atah, Adonai Eloheinu, Melech haolam,
hamavdil bein kodesh l'chol, bein or l'choshech,
bein Yisrael laamim,
bein yom hash'vi-i l'sheishet y'mei hamaaseh.
Baruch atah Adonai, hamavdil bein kodesh l'chol.
TRANSLATION
Praise to You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of all: who distinguishes between the holy and ordinary, between light and dark, between Israel and the nations, between the seventh day and the six days of work. Praise to You, Adonai who distinguishes the holy and ordinary.
(Sip the wine or grape juice. Then extinguish the candle in the remaining wine or grape juice.)
SHAVUA TOV
Abraham Joshua Heschel - Sabbath
2. “The meaning of the Sabbath is to celebrate time rather than
space. Six days a week we live under the tyranny of things of
space; on the Sabbath we try to become attuned to holiness in
time. It is a day on which we are called upon to share in what is
eternal in time, to turn from the results of creation to the mystery
of creation; from the world of creation to the creation of the
world.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
3. “The seventh day is like a palace in time with a kingdom for
all. It is not a date but an atmosphere.” – Abraham Joshua
Heschel, The Sabbath
4. “Menuha which we usually render with ‘rest’ means here
much more than withdrawal from labor and exertion, more than
freedom from toil and strain or activity of any kind. Menuha is
not a negative concept but something real and intrinsically
positive...‘What was created on the seventh day? Tranquility,
serenity, peace, and repose.’ (Genesis)...To the biblical mind
menuha is the same as happiness and stillness, as peace and
harmony...In later times menuha became a synonym for the life
in the world to come, for eternal life.” – Abraham Joshua
Heschel, The Sabbath
5. “The faith of the Jew is not a way out of this world, but a way of being within and above this world; not to reject but to surpass civilization. The Sabbath is the day on which we learn the art of surpassing civilization.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
6. “To set apart one day a week for freedom, a day on which we would not use the instruments which have been so easily turned into weapons of destruction, a day for being with ourselves, a day of detachment from the vulgar, of independence of external obligations, a day on which we stop worshipping the idols of technical civilization, a day on which we use no money, a day of armistice in the economic struggle with our fellow [humans] and the forces of nature—is there any institution that holds out a greater hope for [humanity’s] progress than the Sabbath?” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
7. “It is a day in which we abandon our plebeian pursuits and reclaim our authentic state, in which we may partake of a blessedness in which we are what we are, regardless of whether we are learned or not, of whether our career is a success or a failure; it is a day of independence of social conditions.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
8. “For the Sabath is a day of harmony and peace, peace between [human] and [human], peace within [human], and peace with all things.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
9. “All that is divine in the world is brought into union with God. This is Sabbath, and the true happiness of the universe.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
10. “The Sabbath is not a only a legal institution, a state of mind or a form of conduct, but a process in the world of spirit. At the beginning of time there was a longing, the longing of the Sabbath for [humanity].” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
11. “While Jewish tradition offers us no definition of the concept of eternity, it tells us how to experience the taste of eternity, it tells us how to experience the taste of eternity or eternal life within time. Eternal life does not grow away from us; it is ‘planted within us,’ growing beyond us.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
12. “To Jewish piety the ultimate human dichotomy is not that of mind and matter but that of the sacred and the profane. We have known profanity too long and have become accustomed to think that the soul is an automaton. The law of the Sabbath tries to direct the body and the mind to the dimension of the holy. It tries to teach us that [humanity] stands not only in a relation to nature but in a relation also to the creator of nature.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
13. “What is the Sabbath? Spirit in the form of time. With our bodies we belong to space; our spirit, our souls, soar to eternity, aspire to the holy. The Sabbath is an ascent to the summit.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
14. “One must be overawed by the marvel of time to be ready to perceive the presence of eternity in a single moment. One must live and act as if the fate of all of time would depend on a single moment.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
15. “But the Sabbath as experienced by [humanity] cannot survive in exile, a lonely stranger among days of profanity. It needs the companionship of all other days.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
16. “Inner liberty depends upon being exempt from domination of things as well as from domination of people...This is our constant problem—how to live with people and remain free, how to live with things and remain independent.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
17. “On the Sabbath it is given us to share in the holiness that is in the heart of time.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
18. “Eternity utters a day.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
2. “The meaning of the Sabbath is to celebrate time rather than
space. Six days a week we live under the tyranny of things of
space; on the Sabbath we try to become attuned to holiness in
time. It is a day on which we are called upon to share in what is
eternal in time, to turn from the results of creation to the mystery
of creation; from the world of creation to the creation of the
world.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
3. “The seventh day is like a palace in time with a kingdom for
all. It is not a date but an atmosphere.” – Abraham Joshua
Heschel, The Sabbath
4. “Menuha which we usually render with ‘rest’ means here
much more than withdrawal from labor and exertion, more than
freedom from toil and strain or activity of any kind. Menuha is
not a negative concept but something real and intrinsically
positive...‘What was created on the seventh day? Tranquility,
serenity, peace, and repose.’ (Genesis)...To the biblical mind
menuha is the same as happiness and stillness, as peace and
harmony...In later times menuha became a synonym for the life
in the world to come, for eternal life.” – Abraham Joshua
Heschel, The Sabbath
5. “The faith of the Jew is not a way out of this world, but a way of being within and above this world; not to reject but to surpass civilization. The Sabbath is the day on which we learn the art of surpassing civilization.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
6. “To set apart one day a week for freedom, a day on which we would not use the instruments which have been so easily turned into weapons of destruction, a day for being with ourselves, a day of detachment from the vulgar, of independence of external obligations, a day on which we stop worshipping the idols of technical civilization, a day on which we use no money, a day of armistice in the economic struggle with our fellow [humans] and the forces of nature—is there any institution that holds out a greater hope for [humanity’s] progress than the Sabbath?” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
7. “It is a day in which we abandon our plebeian pursuits and reclaim our authentic state, in which we may partake of a blessedness in which we are what we are, regardless of whether we are learned or not, of whether our career is a success or a failure; it is a day of independence of social conditions.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
8. “For the Sabath is a day of harmony and peace, peace between [human] and [human], peace within [human], and peace with all things.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
9. “All that is divine in the world is brought into union with God. This is Sabbath, and the true happiness of the universe.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
10. “The Sabbath is not a only a legal institution, a state of mind or a form of conduct, but a process in the world of spirit. At the beginning of time there was a longing, the longing of the Sabbath for [humanity].” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
11. “While Jewish tradition offers us no definition of the concept of eternity, it tells us how to experience the taste of eternity, it tells us how to experience the taste of eternity or eternal life within time. Eternal life does not grow away from us; it is ‘planted within us,’ growing beyond us.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
12. “To Jewish piety the ultimate human dichotomy is not that of mind and matter but that of the sacred and the profane. We have known profanity too long and have become accustomed to think that the soul is an automaton. The law of the Sabbath tries to direct the body and the mind to the dimension of the holy. It tries to teach us that [humanity] stands not only in a relation to nature but in a relation also to the creator of nature.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
13. “What is the Sabbath? Spirit in the form of time. With our bodies we belong to space; our spirit, our souls, soar to eternity, aspire to the holy. The Sabbath is an ascent to the summit.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
14. “One must be overawed by the marvel of time to be ready to perceive the presence of eternity in a single moment. One must live and act as if the fate of all of time would depend on a single moment.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
15. “But the Sabbath as experienced by [humanity] cannot survive in exile, a lonely stranger among days of profanity. It needs the companionship of all other days.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
16. “Inner liberty depends upon being exempt from domination of things as well as from domination of people...This is our constant problem—how to live with people and remain free, how to live with things and remain independent.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
17. “On the Sabbath it is given us to share in the holiness that is in the heart of time.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath
18. “Eternity utters a day.” – Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath


