Shelach Lecha 5785: Choosing a Name, Choosing a Path
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ShareJoshua and Caleb
אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃
Those were the names of the participants whom Moses sent to scout the land; but Moses called Hosea son of Nun: Joshua.
(א) ויקרא משה להושע וגו'. הִתְפַּלֵּל עָלָיו יָהּ יוֹשִׁיעֲךָ מֵעֲצַת מְרַגְּלִים (סוטה ל"ד):
"But Moses called Hosea" - By giving him this name Yehoshua which is a compound of Yah ("God") and Hoshea ("God may save"), he in effect prayed for him: “May God save you from the evil counsel of the spies” (Sotah 34b).
וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בַנֶּ֘גֶב֮ וַיָּבֹ֣א עַד־חֶבְרוֹן֒
They went up into the Negeb and [he] came to Hebron, where lived Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the Anakites.
ויבא עד חברון. כָּלֵב לְבַדּוֹ הָלַךְ שָׁם וְנִשְׁתַּטֵּחַ עַל קִבְרֵי אָבוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא נִסָּת לַחֲבֵרָיו לִהְיוֹת בַּעֲצָתָם
"And [he] came to Hebron" - Caleb alone went there and bowed down on the graves of the Patriarchs, praying that he might not give way to the enticement of his colleagues and join them in their counsel.
״וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹתָם לְמַטֵּה רְאוּבֵן שַׁמּוּעַ בֶּן זַכּוּר״, אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: דָּבָר זֶה מָסוֹרֶת בְּיָדֵינוּ מֵאֲבוֹתֵינוּ: מְרַגְּלִים עַל שֵׁם מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם נִקְרְאוּ. וְאָנוּ לֹא עָלְתָה בְּיָדֵינוּ אֶלָּא אֶחָד: ״סְתוּר בֶּן מִיכָאֵל״, ״סְתוּר״ — שֶׁסָּתַר מַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. ״מִיכָאֵל״ — שֶׁעָשָׂה עַצְמוֹ מָךְ.
“And these were their names: Of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur” (Numbers 13:4). Rabbi Yitzḥak says: This statement is a tradition of ours, from our ancestors: The spies were named after their actions. But we have only have the interpretation of one name, “Sethur the son of Michael” (Numbers 13:13). He is called Sethur, as he hid [satar] the actions of the Blessed Holy One. Michael, as he made God appear weak [makh].
״וַיַּעֲלוּ בַנֶּגֶב וַיָּבֹא עַד חֶבְרוֹן״ — ״וַיָּבֹאוּ״ מִבְּעֵי לֵיהּ? אָמַר רָבָא: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁפֵּירַשׁ כָּלֵב מֵעֲצַת מְרַגְּלִים, וְהָלַךְ וְנִשְׁתַּטַּח עַל קִבְרֵי אָבוֹת. אָמַר לָהֶן: אֲבוֹתַי! בִּקְּשׁוּ עָלַי רַחֲמִים שֶׁאֶנָּצֵל מֵעֲצַת מְרַגְּלִים.
“And they went up into the south, and he came to Hebron” (Numbers 13:22). The verse should have said: And they came. Rava says: This teaches that Caleb separated himself from the counsel of the other spies and went and prostrated himself on the graves of the forefathers in Hebron. He said to them: My fathers! Pray for mercy for me so that I will be saved from the counsel of the spies.
יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כְּבָר בִּקֵּשׁ מֹשֶׁה עָלָיו רַחֲמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּקְרָא מֹשֶׁה לְהוֹשֵׁעַ בִּן נוּן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ״, יָהּ יוֹשִׁיעֲךָ מֵעֲצַת מְרַגְּלִים. וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״וְעַבְדִּי כָלֵב עֵקֶב הָיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ וְגוֹ׳״.
Regarding Joshua, Moses had already prayed for mercy for him, as it is stated: “And Moses called Hoshea son of Nun Joshua [Yehoshua]” (Numbers 13:16), meaning: God will save you [Ya yoshiakha] from the counsel of the spies. And this is why it is written: “But My servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him"(Numbers 14:24).
Rabbi Kim Blumenthal, Caleb in Hebron
I love the fact that the rabbis solved the mystery of the singular va’yavo with a story that explains Caleb’s actions in our text. But I think that our rabbis missed an opportunity to acknowledge an individual’s potential to be inspired for action without Divine intervention.
I’d like to think that Caleb was strengthened by his visit to machpelah, and what made him remarkable was his decision to make the trip during his time in the Land.
...Caleb’s brief time at Machpelah put his role as a scout into perspective. His story was no longer defined by the generation of the exodus, but rather expanded to include the foundational elements of our people’s history and the potential for the future.