Succession & Mesora from Dovid to Shlomo, from Moshe to Yehoshua, from parent to child, from teacher to student
(ז) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֑ה (בנו)[בְּנִ֕י] אֲנִי֙ הָיָ֣ה עִם־לְבָבִ֔י לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֖ם יקוק אֱלֹקָֽי׃ (ח) וַיְהִ֨י עָלַ֤י דְּבַר־יקוק לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּ֤ם לָרֹב֙ שָׁפַ֔כְתָּ וּמִלְחָמ֥וֹת גְּדֹל֖וֹת עָשִׂ֑יתָ לֹא־תִבְנֶ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ לִשְׁמִ֔י כִּ֚י דָּמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים שָׁפַ֥כְתָּ אַ֖רְצָה לְפָנָֽי׃ (ט)הִנֵּה־בֵ֞ן נוֹלָ֣ד לָ֗ךְ ה֤וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ אִ֣ישׁ מְנוּחָ֔ה וַהֲנִיח֥וֹתִי ל֛וֹ מִכׇּל־אוֹיְבָ֖יו מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּ֤י שְׁלֹמֹה֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה שְׁמ֔וֹ וְשָׁל֥וֹם וָשֶׁ֛קֶט אֶתֵּ֥ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּיָמָֽיו׃ (י) הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ לִשְׁמִ֔י וְהוּא֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֣י לְבֵ֔ן וַאֲנִי־ל֖וֹ לְאָ֑ב וַהֲכִ֨ינוֹתִ֜י כִּסֵּ֧א מַלְכוּת֛וֹ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ (יא) עַתָּ֣ה בְנִ֔י יְהִ֥י יקוק עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהִצְלַחְתָּ֗ וּבָנִ֙יתָ֙ בֵּ֚ית יקוק אֱלֹקֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶֽיךָ׃ (יב) אַ֣ךְ יִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֤ יקוק שֵׂ֣כֶל וּבִינָ֔ה וִֽיצַוְּךָ֖ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלִשְׁמ֕וֹר אֶת־תּוֹרַ֖ת יקוק אֱלֹקֶֽיךָ׃ (יג)אָ֣ז תַּצְלִ֔יחַ אִם־תִּשְׁמ֗וֹר לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־הַחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יקוק אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת׃
(7) David said to Solomon, “My son, I wanted to build a House for the name of the LORD my God. (8) But the word of the LORD came to me, saying,‘You have shed much blood and fought great battles; you shall not build a House for My name, for you have shed much blood on the earth in My sight. (9) But you will have a son who will be a man at rest, for I will give him rest from all his enemies on all sides; Solomon will be his name and I shall confer peace and quiet on Israel in his time. (10) He will build a House for My name; he shall be a son to Me and I to him a father, and I will establish his throne of kingship over Israel forever.’ (11) Now, my son, may the LORD be with you, and may you succeed in building the House of the LORD your God as He promised you would. (12) Only let God give you sense and understanding and put you in charge of Israel and the observance of the Teaching of the LORD your God. (13) Then you shall succeed, if you observantly carry out the laws and the rules that the LORD charged Moses to lay upon Israel. Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid or dismayed.
(כ) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֗וֹ חֲזַ֤ק וֶֽאֱמַץ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּי֩ יקוק אֱלֹקִ֤ים אֱלֹקַי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֤א יַרְפְּךָ֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעַזְבֶ֔ךָּ עַד־לִכְל֕וֹת כׇּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־יקוק׃
(20) David said to his son Solomon, “Be strong and of good courage and do it; do not be afraid or dismayed, for the LORD God my God is with you; He will not fail you or forsake you till all the work on the House of the LORD is done.
(ו)חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ אַל־תִּֽירְא֥וּ וְאַל־תַּעַרְצ֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ יקוק אֱלֹקֶ֗יךָ ה֚וּא הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א יַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יַעַזְבֶֽךָּ׃ {ס}(ז) וַיִּקְרָ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִיהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו לְעֵינֵ֣י כׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָץ֒ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תָּבוֹא֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יקוק לַאֲבֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם וְאַתָּ֖ה תַּנְחִילֶ֥נָּה אוֹתָֽם׃
(6) Be strong and resolute, be not in fear or in dread of them; for it is indeed your God יקוק who marches with you: [God] will not fail you or forsake you. (7) Then Moses called Joshua and said to him in the sight of all Israel: “Be strong and resolute, for it is you who shall go with this people into the land that יקוק swore to their fathers to give them, and it is you who shall apportion it to them.
(ו)חֲזַ֖ק וֶאֱמָ֑ץ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תַּנְחִיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ (ז) רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֙ כְּכׇל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוְּךָ֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֔י אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ (ח) לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵ֩פֶר֩ הַתּוֹרָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה מִפִּ֗יךָ וְהָגִ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכׇל־הַכָּת֖וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל׃ (ט) הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יקוק אֱלֹקֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ {פ}
(6) “Be strong and resolute, for you shall apportion to this people the land that I swore to their fathers to assign to them. (7) But you must be very strong and resolute to observe faithfully all the Teaching that My servant Moses enjoined upon you. Do not deviate from it to the right or to the left, that you may be successful wherever you go. (8) Let not this Book of the Teaching cease from your lips, but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful. (9) “I charge you: Be strong and resolute; do not be terrified or dismayed, for the ETERNAL your God is with you wherever you go.”
(כה) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יקוק לְכׇל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃
(25) Joshua said to them, “Do not be frightened or dismayed; be firm and resolute. For this is what GOD is going to do to all the enemies with whom you are at war.”
(יא) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִם־תֶּחֱזַ֤ק אֲרָם֙ מִמֶּ֔נִּי וְהָיִ֥תָה לִּ֖י לִישׁוּעָ֑ה וְאִם־בְּנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ יֶחֶזְק֣וּ מִמְּךָ֔ וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַֽ לָֽךְ׃ (יב)חֲזַ֤ק וְנִתְחַזַּק֙ בְּעַד־עַמֵּ֔נוּ וּבְעַ֖ד עָרֵ֣י אֱלֹקֵ֑ינוּ וַֽיקוק יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ (יג) וַיִּגַּ֣שׁ יוֹאָ֗ב וְהָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בַּאֲרָ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃
(11) [Joab] said, “If the Arameans prove too strong for me, you come to my aid; and if the Ammonites prove too strong for you, I will come to your aid. (12) Let us be strong and resolute for the sake of our people and the land of our God; and accept the outcome that GOD deems right.” (13) Joab and the troops with him marched into battle against the Arameans, who fled before him.
(טז) וְאַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַנֹּֽתְנִים֙ אֶת־לְבָבָ֔ם לְבַקֵּ֕שׁ אֶת־יקוק אֱלֹקֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בָּ֚אוּ יְר֣וּשָׁלַ֔͏ִם לִזְבּ֕וֹחַ לַֽיקוק אֱלֹקֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ (יז) וַֽיְחַזְּקוּ֙ אֶת־מַלְכ֣וּת יְהוּדָ֔ה וַֽיְאַמְּצ֛וּ אֶת־רְחַבְעָ֥ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְשָׁנִ֣ים שָׁל֑וֹשׁ כִּ֣י הָלְכ֗וּ בְּדֶ֧רֶךְ דָּוִ֛יד וּשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְשָׁנִ֥ים שָׁלֽוֹשׁ׃
(16) From all the tribes of Israel, those intent on seeking the LORD God of Israel followed them to Jerusalem, to sacrifice to the LORD God of their fathers. (17) They strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and supported Rehoboam son of Solomon for three years, for they followed the ways of David and Solomon for three years.
(יא) הקורא בתורה צריך לאחוז בספר תורה בשעת ברכה: הגה וסמכו מנהג זה על מה שנא' ביהושע לא ימוש ספר התורה הזה מפיך חזק ואמץ ומזה נהגו לומר למסיים לקרות בתורה בכל פעם חזק (ב"י בשם אורח חיים):
(11) The one reading the Torah must hold the Sefer Torah at the time he makes the blessing. Rem"a: And they base this tradition on the verse from Joshua: "Do not let this Book of Teaching cease from your lips...Be strong and resolute"(Josh. 1:8-9). And from this we have the tradition to say to the person who finishes reading from the Torah, each time: "Hazak" ("Be strong"). (Beit Yosef in the name of Orach Chaim)
(א)משֶׁה קִבֵּל תּוֹרָה מִסִּינַי, וּמְסָרָהּ לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לִזְקֵנִים, וּזְקֵנִים לִנְבִיאִים, וּנְבִיאִים מְסָרוּהָ לְאַנְשֵׁי כְנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. ...:
(יד) וַיָּ֣עַר יקוק אֶת־ר֩וּחַ֩ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֜ל פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל וְֽאֶת־ר֔וּחַ כֹּ֖ל שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָעָ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ מְלָאכָ֔ה בְּבֵית־יקוק צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ {פ}
(14) Then GOD roused the spirit of Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, the governor of Judah, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the rest of the people: They came and set to work on the House of GOD of Hosts, their God,
כְּשֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין הַמֶּלֶךְ מוֹשְׁחִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א י א) "וַיִּקַּח שְׁמוּאֵל אֶת פַּךְ הַשֶּׁמֶן וַיִּצֹק עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וַיִּשָּׁקֵהוּ". וּמֵאַחַר שֶׁמּוֹשְׁחִין הַמֶּלֶךְ הֲרֵי זֶה זוֹכֶה לוֹ וּלְבָנָיו עַד עוֹלָם. שֶׁהַמַּלְכוּת יְרֻשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יז כ) "לְמַעַן יַאֲרִיךְ יָמִים עַל מַמְלַכְתּוֹ הוּא וּבָנָיו בְּקֶרֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל". הֵנִיחַ בֵּן קָטָן מְשַׁמְּרִין לוֹ הַמְּלוּכָה עַד שֶׁיַּגְדִּיל. כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה יְהוֹיָדָע לְיוֹאָשׁ. וְכָל הַקּוֹדֵם בְּנַחֲלָה קֹדֶם לִירֻשַּׁת הַמְּלוּכָה. וְהַבֵּן הַגָּדוֹל קוֹדֵם לְקָטָן מִמֶּנּוּ. וְלֹא הַמַּלְכוּת בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא כָּל הַשְּׂרָרוֹת וְכָל הַמִּנּוּיִין שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל יְרֻשָּׁה לִבְנוֹ וּלְבֶן בְּנוֹ עַד עוֹלָם. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַבֵּן מְמַלֵּא מְקוֹם אֲבוֹתָיו בְּחָכְמָה וּבְיִרְאָה. הָיָה מְמַלֵּא בְּיִרְאָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא בְּחָכְמָה מַעֲמִידִין אוֹתוֹ בִּמְקוֹם אָבִיו וּמְלַמְּדִין אוֹתוֹ. וְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ יִרְאַת שָׁמַיִם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָכְמָתוֹ מְרֻבָּה אֵין מְמַנִּין אוֹתוֹ לְמִנּוּי מִן הַמִּנּוּיִין שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּמְשַׁח דָּוִד זָכָה בְּכֶתֶר מַלְכוּת. וַהֲרֵי הַמַּלְכוּת לוֹ וּלְבָנָיו הַזְּכָרִים עַד עוֹלָם. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב ז טז) "כִּסְאֲךָ יִהְיֶה נָכוֹן עַד עוֹלָם". וְלֹא זָכָה אֶלָּא לִכְשֵׁרִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים קלב יב) "אִם יִשְׁמְרוּ בָנֶיךָ בְּרִיתִי". אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא זָכָה אֶלָּא לִכְשֵׁרִים לֹא תִכָּרֵת הַמְּלוּכָה מִזֶּרַע דָּוִד לְעוֹלָם. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הִבְטִיחוֹ בְּכָךְ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים פט לא) "אִם יַעַזְבוּ בָנָיו תּוֹרָתִי וּבְמִשְׁפָּטַי לֹא יֵלֵכוּן" (תהילים פט לג) "וּפָקַדְתִּי בְשֵׁבֶט פִּשְׁעָם וּבִנְגָעִים עֲוֹנָם" (תהילים פט לד) "וְחַסְדִּי לֹא אָפִיר מֵעִמּוֹ":
When a king is appointed, he is anointed with oil reserved for this purpose, as I Samuel 10:1 states: 'And Samuel took the cruse of oil and poured it over his head. Then, he kissed him.'
Once a king is anointed, he and his descendents are granted the monarchy until eternity, for the monarchy is passed down by inheritance, as Deuteronomy 17:20 states 'Thus, he the king and his descendents will prolong their reign in the midst of Israel.' If the king leaves only a young son, the monarchy should be held for him until he matures, as Yehoyada did for Yoash. The order of inheritance of the monarchy is the same as that governing the inheritance of property. An older son is given precedence over a younger one. Not only the monarchy, but all other positions of authority and appointments in Israel, are transferred to one's children and grandchildren as inheritances forever.
The above applies if the knowledge and the fear of God of the son is equivalent to that of his ancestors. If his fear of God is equivalent to theirs but not his knowledge, he should be granted his father's position and given instruction. However, under no circumstance should a person who lacks the fear of God be appointed to any position in Israel, even though he possesses much knowledge. Once David was anointed king, he acquired the crown of kingship. Afterwards, the kingship belonged to him and to his male descendents forever, as II Samuel 7: 16 states: 'Your throne shall be established forever.' Nevertheless, his acquisition of the monarchy was conditional, applying only to the righteous among his descendents, as Psalms 132:12 states: 'If your children will keep My covenant... their children shall also sit on your throne forever.' Despite this condition, God assured David that the monarchy would never be taken from his descendents forever, as Psalms 89:31-38 states: "lf his children will forsake My Torah and cease walking in My statutes ... I will punish their transgressions with the rod and their sins with plagues. Nevertheless, I will not utterly remove My grace from him.... His throne shall be ... established forever.'
Once a king is anointed, he and his descendents are granted the monarchy until eternity, for the monarchy is passed down by inheritance, as Deuteronomy 17:20 states 'Thus, he the king and his descendents will prolong their reign in the midst of Israel.' If the king leaves only a young son, the monarchy should be held for him until he matures, as Yehoyada did for Yoash. The order of inheritance of the monarchy is the same as that governing the inheritance of property. An older son is given precedence over a younger one. Not only the monarchy, but all other positions of authority and appointments in Israel, are transferred to one's children and grandchildren as inheritances forever.
The above applies if the knowledge and the fear of God of the son is equivalent to that of his ancestors. If his fear of God is equivalent to theirs but not his knowledge, he should be granted his father's position and given instruction. However, under no circumstance should a person who lacks the fear of God be appointed to any position in Israel, even though he possesses much knowledge. Once David was anointed king, he acquired the crown of kingship. Afterwards, the kingship belonged to him and to his male descendents forever, as II Samuel 7: 16 states: 'Your throne shall be established forever.' Nevertheless, his acquisition of the monarchy was conditional, applying only to the righteous among his descendents, as Psalms 132:12 states: 'If your children will keep My covenant... their children shall also sit on your throne forever.' Despite this condition, God assured David that the monarchy would never be taken from his descendents forever, as Psalms 89:31-38 states: "lf his children will forsake My Torah and cease walking in My statutes ... I will punish their transgressions with the rod and their sins with plagues. Nevertheless, I will not utterly remove My grace from him.... His throne shall be ... established forever.'
(יד) קַוֵּ֗ה אֶל־יקוק חֲ֭זַק וְיַאֲמֵ֣ץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝קַוֵּ֗ה אֶל־יקוק׃ {פ}
(14) Look to the LORD; be strong and of good courage! O look to the LORD!
(כה) חִ֭זְקוּ וְיַאֲמֵ֣ץ לְבַבְכֶ֑ם כׇּל־הַ֝מְיַחֲלִ֗ים לַֽיקוק׃ {פ}
(25) Be strong and of good courage, all you who wait for the LORD.

