Ki Teitzei 5786: Hide & Seek & Found

(א) לֹֽא־תִרְאֶה֩ אֶת־שׁ֨וֹר אָחִ֜יךָ א֤וֹ אֶת־שֵׂיוֹ֙ נִדָּחִ֔ים וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֥ב תְּשִׁיבֵ֖ם לְאָחִֽיךָ׃

(ב) וְאִם־לֹ֨א קָר֥וֹב אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א יְדַעְתּ֑וֹ וַאֲסַפְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיָ֣ה עִמְּךָ֗ עַ֣ד דְּרֹ֤שׁ אָחִ֙יךָ֙ אֹת֔וֹ וַהֲשֵׁבֹת֖וֹ לֽוֹ׃ (ג) וְכֵ֧ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה לַחֲמֹר֗וֹ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשֶׂה֮ לְשִׂמְלָתוֹ֒ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֗ה לְכׇל־אֲבֵדַ֥ת אָחִ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאבַ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ וּמְצָאתָ֑הּ לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לְהִתְעַלֵּֽם׃ {ס}(ד) לֹא־תִרְאֶה֩ אֶת־חֲמ֨וֹר אָחִ֜יךָ א֤וֹ שׁוֹרוֹ֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם הָקֵ֥ם תָּקִ֖ים עִמּֽוֹ׃ {ס}

(1) If you see your brother's ox or sheep gone run away, do not hide yourself from it; you must take it back to your brother.

(2) If your brother does not live near you or you do not know who they are, you add it to the midst of your house, and it shall remain with you until your peer claims it; then you shall return it. (3) You shall do the same with their donkey; you shall do the same with their garment; and so too shall you do with anything that your fellow Israelite loses and you find: you must not hide yourself. (4) If you see your fellow Israelite’s donkey or ox fallen on the road, do not ignore it; you must raise it together.

(ד) אַחַ֤ת ׀ שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי מֵאֵת־יְהֹוָה֮ אוֹתָ֢הּ אֲבַ֫קֵּ֥שׁ שִׁבְתִּ֣י בְּבֵית־יְ֭הֹוָה כׇּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיַּ֑י לַחֲז֥וֹת בְּנֹעַם־יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה וּלְבַקֵּ֥ר בְּהֵֽיכָלֽוֹ׃ (ה) כִּ֤י יִצְפְּנֵ֨נִי ׀ בְּסֻכֹּה֮ בְּי֢וֹם רָ֫עָ֥ה יַ֭סְתִּרֵנִי בְּסֵ֣תֶר אׇהֳל֑וֹ בְּ֝צ֗וּר יְרוֹמְמֵֽנִי׃ (ו) וְעַתָּ֨ה יָר֪וּם רֹאשִׁ֡י עַ֤ל אֹיְבַ֬י סְֽבִיבוֹתַ֗י וְאֶזְבְּחָ֣ה בְ֭אׇהֳלוֹ זִבְחֵ֣י תְרוּעָ֑ה אָשִׁ֥ירָה וַ֝אֲזַמְּרָ֗ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃ (ז) שְׁמַע־יְהֹוָ֖ה קוֹלִ֥י אֶקְרָ֗א וְחׇנֵּ֥נִי וַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ (ח) לְךָ֤ ׀ אָמַ֣ר לִ֭בִּי בַּקְּשׁ֣וּ פָנָ֑י אֶת־פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ (ט)אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ ׀ מִמֶּנִּי֮ אַ֥ל תַּט־בְּאַ֗ף עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָ עֶזְרָתִ֥י הָיִ֑יתָ אַֽל־תִּטְּשֵׁ֥נִי וְאַל־תַּ֝עַזְבֵ֗נִי אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃

(4)One thing I ask of GOD,only that do I seek:to live in GOD’s house all the days of my life,to gaze upon GOD’s beauty,to frequent the temple.(5)I will be hidden in God’s pavilionon an evil day,granted the protection of God’s tent,and raised up high upon a rock(7)Hear, O ETERNAL One, when I cry aloud;have mercy on me, answer me.(8)In Your behalf my heart says:“Seek My face!”O ETERNAL One, I seek Your face.(9)Do not hide Your face from me;do not thrust aside Your servant in anger;You have ever been my help.Do not forsake me, do not abandon me,O God, my deliverer.

(ב) וּמשֶׁה הָיָה רֹעֶה, ....אַף משֶׁה לֹא בְחָנוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶלָּא בַּצֹּאן, אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ, כְּשֶׁהָיָה משֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם רוֹעֶה צֹאנוֹ שֶׁל יִתְרוֹ בַּמִּדְבָּר, בָּרַח מִמֶּנּוּ גְּדִי, וְרָץ אַחֲרָיו עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַחֲסִית, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַחֲסִית, נִזְדַּמְּנָה לוֹ בְּרֵכָה שֶׁל מַיִם, וְעָמַד הַגְּדִי לִשְׁתּוֹת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ משֶׁה אֶצְלוֹ, אָמַר אֲנִי לֹא הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁרָץ הָיִיתָ מִפְּנֵי צָמָא, עָיֵף אַתָּה, הִרְכִּיבוֹ עַל כְּתֵפוֹ וְהָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, יֵשׁ לְךָ רַחֲמִים לִנְהֹג צֹאנוֹ שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם כָּךְ חַיֶּיךָ אַתָּה תִרְעֶה צֹאנִי יִשְׂרָאֵל, הֱוֵי: וּמשֶׁה הָיָה רוֹעֶה.

(2) “Moses was herding”
Moses, too, the Holy One blessed be He tested him only with flocks. Our Rabbis say: When Moses, may he rest in peace, was herding Yitro’s flock in the wilderness, a kid fled from him. He pursued it until it reached cover. Once it reached cover, it happened upon a pool of water, and the kid stopped to drink. When Moses reached it, he said: ‘I didn’t know that you were running due to thirst. You are tired.’ He carried it on his shoulder and was walking. The Holy One blessed be He said: ‘You have the compassion to behave with the flocks belonging to flesh and blood in this manner; by your life, you will herd My flock, Israel.’ That is: “Moses was herding.”

לֹא תִרְאֶה אֶת שׁוֹר וְגוֹ׳. פָּרָשָׁה זוֹ בָּאָה לִרְמֹז בִּפְרָטוּת חִיּוּב הַתּוֹכָחוֹת שֶׁצְּרִיכִין בְּנֵי אֵל חַי צַדִּיקֵי עוֹלָם לַעֲשׂוֹת לְעַם ה׳, וְהֵן אֵלֶּה צַדִּיקִים יִקָּרְאוּ לְצַד מַעֲלָתָם אַחִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֶעִירוֹתִיךָ שֶׁכִּנּוּי זֶה הוּא מַדְרֵגָה הַיּוֹתֵר מְעֻלָּה שֶׁבְּכָל כִּנּוּיִים אֲשֶׁר יִתָּכְנוּ בָּהֶם יְחִידֵי עַם (שמות רבה נב,ה), וְאוֹתָם צִוָּה ה׳ כִּי תִרְאֶה אֶת שׁוֹר, אֵלֶּה הֵם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁנִּמְשְׁלוּ כַּבְּהֵמוֹת וְהֵם צֹאן קָדָשִׁים, וְלָזֶה קְרָאָם שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה, אָחִיךָ שֶׁהוּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְיִחֵס לוֹ שֵׁם זֶה לְהָעִיר אֶל מִי מִקְּדוֹשָׁיו הוּא מְצַוֶּה, שֶׁהֵם הַצַּדִּיקִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתַבְנוּ.

לא תראה את שור אחיך או את שיו נדחים, "You shall not see the ox of your brother or his sheep cast off, etc." This paragraph is an allusion to the need for the scholars to admonish the plain people in order for them to become the true people of the Lord. The term used by the Torah to describe these morally upright righteous people is אחים, brothers. I have already explained to you that this appellation is reserved for the finest group of individuals (compare Shemot Rabbah 52,5). It is these people whom G'd commanded that when they see an "ox" who is lost, i.e. a human being on a lesser moral level who is compared to a beast, to engage in rescuing him. The reason the Torah speaks of "ox and sheep" instead of donkeys, for instance, is that the Jewish people whom the Torah alludes to by the words "ox or sheep" are basically sacred, fit for the altar as opposed to such animals as the donkey. The word אחיך, "your brother," is a simile for G'd who "owns" all of us. The reason that Moses employs this unlikely sounding simile is that the Torah wanted to make plain to which one of His holy people the commandment to restore lost Jewish souls applies, i.e. to the righteous, the Torah scholars.

וְאָמְרוֹ נִדָּחִים – עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (דברים ד:יט) ״וְנִדַּחְתָּ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתָ לָהֶם״ וְגוֹ׳, שֶׁהָעוֹבֵר פִּי ה׳ יִקָּרֵא נִדָּח, וִיצַו ה׳ לְבַל יִתְעַלֵּם אֶלָּא יְשִׁיבֵם לְאָחִיו, הוּא אֱלֹהֵי עוֹלָם. וְכָפַל לוֹמַר ״הָשֵׁב תְּשִׁיבֵם״, נִתְכַּוֵּן כִּי מִתְּחִלָּה יְשִׁיבֵם לְדֶרֶךְ הַטּוֹב וּבָזֶה יִתְקָרְבוּ אֶל אֲבִיהֶם שֶׁבַּשָּׁמַיִם, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ ״תְּשִׁיבֵם לְאָחִיךָ״.

נדחים, "gone astray;" the word is used in a similar sense in Deut 4,19: "and you are drawn astray." Someone who violates G'd's commandments is considered as having gone astray. The Torah commands that we must not ignore such people but bring them back to one's "brother" i.e. to G'd. The reason the Torah repeats the instruction השב תשיבם, "you shall surely restore them" is that if you will make the first move in setting such people on the right path they will complete the journey back to G'd under their own steam.

והתעלמת. כּוֹבֵשׁ עַיִן כְּאִלּוּ אֵינוֹ רוֹאֵהוּ:

והתעלמת [THOU SHALT NOT SEE ANY OF THY BROTHER'S HERD … GO ASTRAY] AND HIDE THYSELF [FROM THEM] — i.e. one, as it were closes his eyes tight as though one does not see it.

והתעלמת. דבק עם לא תראה והזכיר שור ושה וכבר הזכיר החמור וכן משפט כל בהמה:

AND HIDE THYSELF. This is connected to Thou shalt not see. Scripture mentions the ox and the sheep (v. 1). The ass was previously mentioned (Ex. 23:4). The same law applies to all beasts.