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Share(א) וְאַבְרָהָם זָקֵן. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: אֵשֶׁת חַיִל עֲטֶרֶת בַּעְלָהּ (משלי יב, ד), זֶה אַבְרָהָם שֶׁהָיָה מְקוֹנֵן עַל שָׂרָה. מַה כְּתִיב לְמַעְלָה מִן הָעִנְיָן, וַתָּמָת שָׂרָה וְגוֹ'. הִתְחִיל אַבְרָהָם לִבְכּוֹת עָלֶיהָ וְלוֹמַר, אֵשֶׁת חַיִל מִי יִמְצָא. בָּטַח בָּהּ לֵב בַּעְלָהּ (משלי יב לא), אֵימָתַי? בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לָהּ: אִמְרִי נָא אֲחֹתִי אָתְּ. גְּמָלַתְהוּ טוֹב וְלֹא רָע כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיהָ. דָּרְשָׁה צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים, בֵּין יִצְחָק לְיִשְׁמָעֵאל, שֶׁאָמְרָה, גָּרֵשׁ הָאָמָה הַזֹּאת וְאֶת בְּנָהּ. הָיְתָה כָּאֳנִיּוֹת סוֹחֵר, וַתֻּקַּח הָאִשָּׁה בֵּית פַּרְעֹה, וְעוֹד, וַיִּשְׁלַח אֲבִימֶלֶךְ. וַתָּקָם בְּעוֹד לַיְלָה, אֵימָתַי? וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר. זָמְמָה שָׂדֶה וַתִּקָּחֵהוּ, זָמְמָה וְנָטְלָה שְׂדֵה הַמַּכְפֵּלָה וְשָׁם נִקְבְּרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן קָבַר אַבְרָהָם אֶת שָׂרָה. חָגְרָה בְעוֹז מָתְנֶיהָ, אֵימָתַי? כְּשֶׁבָּאוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיְמַהֵר אַבְרָהָם הָאֹהֱלָה אֶל שָׂרָה וְגוֹ'.
(1) And Abraham was old, and well stricken in years (Gen. 24:1). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband (Prov. 12:4). This verse alludes to Abraham, who mourned for Sarah, for it was written previously: And Sarah died (Gen. 23:2). Abraham began to weep for her, saying: A woman of valor who can find? For her price is far above rubies. The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her (Prov. 31:10). When did he demonstrate his trust in her? When he said to her: Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister (Gen. 12:13). She doeth him good and not evil all the days of her life (Prov. 31:12). She seeketh between wool and flax (ibid., v. 13) alludes to her decision to separate Isaac and Ishmael when she said to her husband: Cast out this bondwoman and her son (Gen. 21:10). She is like the merchant ships (Prov. 31:14); For the woman was taken to Pharaoh’s house (Gen. 12:15), and later Abimelech sent her away. She riseth also while it is yet night (Prov. 31:15). When did that happen? At the time Abraham arose early in the morning (Gen. 22:3). She considereth a field and buyeth it (Prov. 31:16). She thought about the field of Machpelah and acquired it. Ultimately she was buried there, as it is said: And after this, Abraham buried Sarah, his wife (Gen. 23:19). She girdeth her loins with strength (for the birth of Isaac) (Prov. 31:17). When was that? When the angels appeared, as it is said: And Abraham went into the tent unto Sarah (Gen. 18:6).
(ב) טָעֲמָה כִּי טוֹב סַחְרָהּ, כְּשֶׁבָּאוּ עֲלֵיהֶם הַמְּלָכִים, דִּכְתִיב: וַיֵּחָלֵק עֲלֵיהֶם לַיְלָה. יָדֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָה בַכִּישׁוֹר, שֶׁהָיְתָה נוֹתֶנֶת מַאֲכָל לָעוֹבְרִים וְשָׁבִים. כַּפָּהּ פָּרְשָׂה לֶעָנִי, שֶׁהָיְתָה נוֹתֶנֶת צְדָקוֹת וּמַלְבֶּשֶׁת עֲרֻמִּים. לֹא תִירָא לְבֵיתָהּ מִשָּׁלֶג, מִגֵּיהִנָּם. לָמָּה? כִּי כָל בֵּיתָהּ לָבֻשׁ שָׁנִים, שְׁנַיִם, שַׁבָּת וּמִילָה. מַרְבַדִּים עָשְׂתָה לָּה, אֵלּוּ בִגְדֵי כְהֻנָּה. מִפְּרִי כַפֶּיהָ נָטְעָה כָּרֶם, זֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי כֶרֶם ה' צְבָאוֹת בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (ישעיה ה, ז). נוֹדָע בַשְּׁעָרִים בַּעְלָהּ, כְּשֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ מִבְּנֵי חֵת תְּנוּ לִי אֲחֻזַּת קֶבֶר. סָדִין עָשְׂתָה, זוֹ הַמִּילָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: סוֹד ה' לִירֵאָיו (תהלים כה, יד). עוֹז וְהָדָר לְבוּשָׁהּ, אֵלּוּ עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד שֶׁהָיוּ מַקִּיפִין אֶת הָאֹהֶל שֶׁלָּה. פִּיהָ פָּתְחָה בְחָכְמָה, אֵימָתַי? בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמְרָה לוֹ: בֹּא נָא אֶל שִׁפְחָתִי (בראשית טז, ב). צוֹפִיָּה הֲלִיכוֹת בֵּיתָהּ, שֶׁבְּכָל יוֹם הָיְתָה מְצַפָּה אֵימָתַי יַחְזְרוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים שֶׁבִּשְּׂרוּהָ שׁוֹב אָשׁוּב אֵלֶיךָ (בראשית יח, י).
(2) Who perceiveth that her merchandise is good (Prov. 31:18). That was when the kings attacked them, as it is written: And he divided himself against them by night (Gen. 14:15). She stretcheth out her hand to the poor (Prov. 31:19), by giving food to passers-by. Yea, she reacheth forth her hand to the needy (ibid., v. 20); for she gave charity and clothed the naked. She is not afraid of the snow for her household (ibid., v. 21); that is, she did not fear Gehenna. And why not? Because her entire household possessed garments (shanim, punning on shnayim, “two”) (ibid.): Sabbath and circumcision. She maketh for herself coverlets (ibid., v. 22): These were the priestly garments. From the fruit of her hand she planted a vineyard (ibid., v. 16). This refers to Israel, as it is said: For a vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel (Isa. 5:7). Her husband is known in the gates (Prov. 31:23); that is, when he pleaded with the sons of Seth: Give me a possession of a burial place (Gen. 23:4). She maketh linen garments (Prov. 31:24) refers to the circumcision that took place, as it is said: The counsel of the Lord is with them that fear Him (Ps. 25:14). Strength and dignity are her clothing (Prov. 31:25) alludes to the clouds of glory that encircled her tent. She openeth her mouth with wisdom (ibid. 39:26). When was that? When she said to Abraham: Go, I pray thee, unto thy handmaid (Gen. 16:2). She looketh well to the ways of her household (Prov. 31:27) indicates that she watched every day for the return of the angel who had informed her: I will certainly return unto thee (Gen. 18:10).
(ג) קָמוּ בָנֶיהָ וַיְאַשְּׁרוּהָ, וַתֹּאמֶר מִי מִלֵּל לְאַבְרָהָם. (בראשית כא, ז). רַבּוֹת בָּנוֹת עָשׂוּ חָיִל, אֵלּוּ הָאֻמּוֹת. וְאַתְּ עָלִית עַל כֻּלָּנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הַבִּיטוּ אֶל אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם וְאֶל שָׂרָה תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם (ישעיה נא, ב). תְּנוּ לָהּ מִפְּרִי יָדֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּהְיוּ חַיֵּי שָׂרָה.
(3) Her children rise up, and call her blessed (Prov. 31:28); And she said: Who would have said unto Abraham that Sarah should give children suck? For I have born him a son in his old age (Gen. 21:7). Many daughters have done valiantly (Prov. 31:29) refers to the nations, But thou excellest them all (ibid.) alludes to Sarah, as it is said: Look unto Abraham, your father, and to Sarah, that bore you (Isa. 51:2). Give her of the fruit of her hand (Prov. 31:31), for it is said: And the life of Sarah was a hundred and twenty and seven years (Gen. 23:1).
(ה) כְּשֶׁמֵּתָה שָׂרָה, כָּתַב עָלָיו שֶׁבֵּרֲכוֹ. לָמָּה? שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ בָאֵי עוֹלָם אוֹמְרִים: לֹא נִתְבָּרֵךְ אַבְרָהָם אֶלָּא מֵחֲמַת שָׂרָה, אֶלָּא הֲרֵינִי מְבָרְכוֹ אַחַר מִיתָתָהּ. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: וַה' בֵּרַךְ אֶת אַבְרָהָם, לָמָּה, כִּי אֶחָד קְרָאתִיו וַאֲבָרְכֵהוּ (ישעיה נא, ב). וַה' בֵּרַךְ אֶת אַבְרָהָם בַּכֹּל, בִּזְכוּת מָה? בִּזְכוּת שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר מִכֹּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִתֶּן לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר מִכֹּל (בראשית יד, כ). לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: וַה' בֵּרַךְ אֶת אַבְרָהָם.
(Skipping 4:4) (5) It is written that after Sarah’s death, the Holy One, blessed be He, blessed Abraham. Why did He do that? Lest future generations declare that Abraham was blessed only because of Sarah. (And so He said to Himself:) I will bless him after her death. Hence it is written: And the Lord had blessed Abraham. Whence do we know that Sarah was already dead when He blessed him? It is said: When he was but one, I called him, and I blessed him (Isa. 51:2). And the Lord blessed Abraham in all things (Gen. 24:1). What merit had he acquired? He set aside tithes from all his possessions, as it is said: And He gave him a tenth of all (Gen. 14:20).6The law of tithes requires that a tenth part of one’s earnings be set aside for charitable purposes. See Jewish Encyclopedia 12:150. Hence it is written: And the Lord blessed Abraham in all things.
Translation and commentary by Rabbi Arthur Green
1) "Sarah's life was a hundred years and twenty years and seven years" (Gen. 23:1). RaSHI comments that [they are written out this way to show that] all of them were equal in goodness.
It is the way of ordinary people that as you get older your awareness increases and you settle out your ways. The older you get, the more you are able to put aside certain bad qualities and stop doing some of the bad things you used to do. But in that case, the real "days of your life" are only the last minute, the time when you are really whole. And only some merit that chance.
But righteous Sarah, all her days were good and unspoiled. Surely she rose higher in her old age, but not by having to push away anything she had done in her youth. She just grew higher according to the natural course of her being. Every day of our lives we are given [the opportunity of] some special thing to set alright. Thus we can ascend, rung after rung. In Sarah's case, there had been no damage done along the way, no spoiling for which she had to repent in order to behave properly. This is the meaning of "all equal in goodness." Think about this. (Sefer Bere'shit, Hayyey Sarah, 1:82)
Rabbi Green: For some of us teshuvah, the return to God, needs to constitute a drastic or even violent change in the way we have been living. But there are those for whom teshuvah is constant throughout life, who are always turned to God, returning energy to the One. For them, teshuvah is as natural as breathing and as indispensable a part of life.
2) "Sarah's life was a hundred years and twenty years and seven years, the days of Sarah's life" (Gen. 23:1). The Midrash says: "'The Lord know the days of the perfect (temimim); their inheritance shall be forever' (Ps. 37:18). Just as they are perfect, so are their years perfect."
...The first meaning of tamim (perfect) is "without blemish"; this refers to perfection or wholeness. It may be applied to time as well. The human being was created in order to realize self-perfection. And since we were created in this world, each of us given but a limited time, perfection applies to time as well.
This is most obviously understood if referred to the awareness we gain every day. My grandfather and teacher (of blessed memory) said that the day itself is called after the light it contains, for Scripture says: "God called the light day" (Gen. 1:4). This means that the blessed Holy One in goodness renews Creation each day. Each and every day God places a point of awakening in each one of Israel, to which they may attach themselves. That is the meaning of "which I command you this day" (Deut. 6:6). "Each day they are to be new to you."
Of the one who accepts all these daily enlightenments, Scripture says: "The Lord knows the days of the perfect," since it is through the days that this person's perfection is fulfilled. Thus the Zohar says that a person's days make up a "garment." For in the upper worlds, there are various hidings [of the divine light] by the "other side"; not everyone can approach the Holy. But triumph over this world and the transformation of nature bring about a "garment." This allows nature, which is called "time," to be joined and subjected to holiness. This is the meaning of "their years are perfect"--the tsaddik joins each day to its root. By attaining awareness and spirituality within time, a person shows that time itself has value, so that time, too, is uplifted.
"God knows the days of the perfect"--their days are filled only with knowing God, new knowledge coming along each day. (Sefer Bere'shit, Hayyey Sarah, 1:84)
Rabbi Green: We have seen that the holiness of time--particularly as exemplified by Shabbat--is a major theme in the Sefat Emet. But here we see clearly that this holiness is only a potential. Time is made holy by the way we use it, by the way we search ever anew for holiness in the days and years that are given to us. Each day, according to the kabbalists, we weave part of that garment that will clothe and protect our soul throughout eternity.