JOSEPH'S BONES
(יט) וַיִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת יוֹסֵ֖ף עִמּ֑וֹ כִּי֩ הַשְׁבֵּ֨עַ הִשְׁבִּ֜יעַ אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פָּקֹ֨ד יִפְקֹ֤ד אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהַעֲלִיתֶ֧ם אֶת־עַצְמֹתַ֛י מִזֶּ֖ה אִתְּכֶֽם׃
The Gemara asks: And from where did Moses our teacher know where Joseph was buried? The Sages said: Serah, the daughter of Asher, remained from that generation that initially descended to Egypt with Jacob. Moses went to her and said to her: Do you know anything about where Joseph is buried? She said to him: The Egyptians fashioned a metal casket for him and set it in the Nile [Nilus] River as an augury so that its water would be blessed. Moses went and stood on the bank of the Nile. He said to Joseph: Joseph, Joseph, the time has arrived about which the Holy Blessed One, took an oath saying that I, i.e., God, will redeem you. And the time for fulfillment of the oath that you administered to the Jewish people that they will bury you in Eretz Yisrael has arrived. If you show yourself, it is good, but if not, we are clear from your oath. Immediately, the casket of Joseph floated to the top of the water.
SECRET WORDS
(24) At length, Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die. God will surely take notice of you and bring you up from this land to the land that He promised on oath to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.” (25) So Joseph made the sons of Israel swear, saying, “When God has taken notice of you (PAKOD YIFKOD), you shall carry up my bones from here.” (26) Joseph died at the age of one hundred and ten years; and he was embalmed and placed in a coffin in Egypt.
(15) And God said further to Moses, “Thus shall you speak to the Israelites: The LORD, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you: This shall be My name forever, This My appellation for all eternity. (16) “Go and assemble the elders of Israel and say to them: the LORD, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has appeared to me and said, ‘I have taken note of you and of what is being done to you in Egypt (PAKOD PAKADTI), (17) and I have declared: I will take you out of the misery of Egypt to the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, to a land flowing with milk and honey.’ (18) They will listen to you; then you shall go with the elders of Israel to the king of Egypt and you shall say to him, ‘The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, manifested Himself to us. Now therefore, let us go a distance of three days into the wilderness to sacrifice to the LORD our God.’
(יג) וַיְדַבֵּר אַהֲרֹן אֵת כָּל הַדְּבָרִים, עָשָׂה כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (שמות ד, טז): וְדִבֶּר הוּא לְךָ אֶל הָעָם. וַיַּעַשׂ הָאֹתֹת לְעֵינֵי הָעָם, כְּמָה שֶׁאָמַר לְמַעְלָה. וַיַּאֲמֵן הָעָם, עָשׂוּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (שמות ג, יח): וְשָׁמְעוּ לְקוֹלֶךָ, יָכוֹל לֹא הֶאֱמִינוּ עַד שֶׁרָאוּ הָאוֹתוֹת, לֹא, אֶלָּא וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ כִּי פָקַד ה', עַל הַשְּׁמוּעָה הֶאֱמִינוּ, וְלֹא עַל רְאִיַּת הָאוֹתוֹת.
וּבַמֶּה הֶאֱמִינוּ, עַל סִימָן הַפְּקִידָה שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם, שֶׁכָּךְ הָיָה מָסֹרֶת בְּיָדָם מִיַּעֲקֹב, שֶׁיַּעֲקֹב מָסַר אֶת הַסּוֹד לְיוֹסֵף וְיוֹסֵף לְאֶחָיו, וְאָשֵׁר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב מָסַר אֶת הַסּוֹד לְסָרַח בִּתּוֹ, וַעֲדַיִן הָיְתָה הִיא קַיֶּמֶת, וְכָךְ אָמַר לָהּ כָּל גּוֹאֵל שֶׁיָבֹא וְיֹאמַר לְבָנַי (שמות ג, טז): פָּקֹד פָּקַדְתִּי אֶתְכֶם, הוּא גּוֹאֵל שֶׁל אֱמֶת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא משֶׁה וְאָמַר: פָּקֹד פָּקַדְתִּי אֶתְכֶם, מִיָּד וַיַּאֲמֵן הָעָם. בַּמֶּה הֶאֱמִינוּ, כִּי שָׁמְעוּ הַפְּקִידָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: כִּי פָקַד ה' אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכִי רָאָה אֶת עָנְיָם וַיִּקְּדוּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ. וַיִּקְּדוּ עַל הַפְּקִידָה, וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ עַל כִּי רָאָה אֶת עָנְיָם.
“Aaron told all the words to the people”-- he did that which the Holy Blessed One had said “(Aaron) will speak for you to the people.” “(Moses) performed the signs in sight of all the people”-- as it said earlier. “The people believed”-- they did as the Holy Blessed One had said, “They will heed your voice.” Did they believe only when they saw the signs? No, for it says, “They heard that God had remembered”-- they believed what they heard, not the signs that they saw...
What did they believe in? The sign of the remembrance which was said. For they had a tradition passed down to them from Jacob, who had passed it to Joseph, and Joseph to his brothers, and Asher son of Jacob (one of Joseph’s brothers) to Serach his daughter, who was still living! This is what he told her, “When the redeemer comes and says to my descendants, “I surely have remembered you”-- that is the true redeemer.” When Moses came and said “I surely have remembered you” the people immediately believed. What did they believe in? They had heard the remembrance. As it says, “For God had remembered the Children of Israel and seen their suffering and they bowed low and prostrated.” They bowed low because of the remembrance and prostrated because God saw their suffering.
(Trans. Emily Fishman and Rabbi Becky Silverstein)
(יז) ר' אליעזר אומר, חמשה אותיות שנכפלו בכל האותיות שבתורה כלם לסוד גאולות כ"ף כ"ף אברהם אבינו נגאל מאור כשדים שנ' לך לך מארצך מ"ם מ"ם נגאל בו יצחק אבינו מיד פלשתים שנ' לך מעמנו נו"ן נו"ן נגאל בו יעקב אבינו שנ' הצילני נא מיד אחי פ"א פ"א בו נגאלו אבותינו ממצרים שנ' פקוד פקדתי צד"י צד"י בו עתיד הב"ה לגאול את ישראל משעבוד ארבע מלכיות ולאמר להם צמח צמחתי לכם שנ' ואמרת אליו כה אמר ה' צבאות לאמר הנה איש צמח שמו ומתחתיו יצמח וכלם לא נמסרו אלא לאברהם אבינו ואברהם מסרן ליצחק ויצחק מסרן ליעקב ויעקב מסר סוד הגאולה ליוסף שנ' ואלהים פקוד יפקוד אתכם ויוסף בנו מסר סוד הגאולה לאחיו ואמ' להם פקוד יפקוד אלהים אתכם ואשר מסר סוד הגאולה לסרח בתו. וכשבאו משה ואהרן אצל זקני ישראל ועשו האותות לעיניהם, הלכו אצל סרח בת אשר. אמרו לה, בא אדם אחד אצלנו ועשה אותות לעינינו כך וכך, אמרה להם, אין באותות האלו ממש. אמרו לה, והרי אמר פקוד יפקוד אלהים אתכם. אמרה להם, הוא האיש העתיד לגאול את ישראל ממצרים, שכן שמעתי מאבא פ"ה ופ"ה פקוד יפקוד, מיד האמינו העם באלהיהם ובשלוחו, שנ' ויאמן העם וישמעו כי פקד ה' את עמו.
(17) Rabbi Eliezer said: The five letters of the Torah, which alone of all the letters in the Torah are of double (shape), all appertain to the mystery of the Redemption. With "Khaph" "Khaph" our father Abraham was redeemed from Ur of the Chaldees, as it is said, (Lekh Lekha) "Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred… unto the land that I will shew thee" (Gen. xii. 1). With "Mem" "Mem" our father Isaac was redeemed from the land of the Philistines, as it is said, "Go from us: for thou art much mightier (Memennu M'ôd) than we" (ibid. xxvi. 16). With "Nun" "Nun" our father Jacob was redeemed from the hand of Esau, as it is said, "Deliver me, I pray thee, (Hazilêne na) from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau" (ibid. xxxii. 11). With "Pê" "Pê" Israel was redeemed from Egypt, as it is said, "I have surely visited you, (Paḳôd Paḳadti) and (seen) that which is done to you in Egypt, and I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt" (Ex. iii. 16, 17). With "Zaddi" "Zaddi" the Holy One, blessed be He, in the future will redeem Israel from the oppression of the kingdoms, and He will say to them, I have caused a branch to spring forth for you, as it is said, "Behold, the man whose name is (Zemach) the Branch; and he shall grow up (yizmach) || out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the Lord" (Zech. vi. 12). These letters were delivered only to our father Abraham. Our father Abraham delivered them to Isaac, and Isaac (delivered them) to Jacob, and Jacob delivered the mystery of the Redemption to Joseph, as it is said, "But God will surely visit (Paḳôd yiphḳôd) you" (Gen. 1. 24). Joseph his son delivered the secret of the Redemption to his brethren. Asher, the son of Jacob, delivered the mystery of the Redemption to Serach his daughter. When Moses and Aaron came to the elders of Israel and performed the signs in their sight, the elders of Israel went to Serach, the daughter of Asher, and they said to her: A certain man has come, and he has performed signs in our sight, thus and thus. She said to them: There is no reality in the signs. They said to her: He said "Paḳôd yiphḳôd"—"God will surely visit you" (ibid.). She said to them: He is the man who will redeem Israel in the future from Egypt, for thus did I hear, ("Paḳôd Paḳadti") "I have surely visited you" (Ex. iii. 16). Forthwith the people believed in their God and in God's messenger, as it is said, "And the people believed, and when they heard that the Lord had visited the children of Israel" (ibid. iv. 31).
WHO IS SERACH?
(ו) וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֶת־רְכוּשָׁם֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָֽכְשׁוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ מִצְרָ֑יְמָה יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְכָל־זַרְע֥וֹ אִתּֽוֹ׃ (ז) בָּנָ֞יו וּבְנֵ֤י בָנָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ בְּנֹתָ֛יו וּבְנ֥וֹת בָּנָ֖יו וְכָל־זַרְע֑וֹ הֵבִ֥יא אִתּ֖וֹ מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ (ס)
... (יז) וּבְנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֗ר יִמְנָ֧ה וְיִשְׁוָ֛ה וְיִשְׁוִ֥י וּבְרִיעָ֖ה וְשֶׂ֣רַח אֲחֹתָ֑ם וּבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה חֶ֖בֶר וּמַלְכִּיאֵֽל׃
(6) and they took along their livestock and the wealth that they had amassed in the land of Canaan. Thus Jacob and all his offspring with him came to Egypt: (7) he brought with him to Egypt his sons and grandsons, his daughters and granddaughters—all his offspring.
... (17) Asher’s sons: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, and Beriah, and their sister Serah. Beriah’s sons: Heber and Malchiel.
(א) וַיְהִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה (פ) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאֶ֧ל אֶלְעָזָ֛ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֥ן הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ב) שְׂא֞וּ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ ׀ כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה וָמַ֖עְלָה לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
(מד) בְּנֵ֣י אָשֵׁר֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְיִמְנָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַיִּמְנָ֔ה לְיִשְׁוִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיִּשְׁוִ֑י לִבְרִיעָ֕ה מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַבְּרִיעִֽי׃ (מה) לִבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה לְחֶ֕בֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶבְרִ֑י לְמַ֨לְכִּיאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַמַּלְכִּיאֵלִֽי׃ (מו) וְשֵׁ֥ם בַּת־אָשֵׁ֖ר שָֽׂרַח׃ (מז) אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ (ס)
(1) When the plague was over, the LORD said to Moses and to Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, (2) “Take a census of the whole Israelite community from the age of twenty years up, by their ancestral houses, all Israelites able to bear arms.”
(44) Descendants of Asher by their clans: Of Imnah, the clan of the Imnites; of Ishvi, the clan of the Ishvites; of Beriah, the clan of the Beriites. (45) Of the descendants of Beriah: Of Heber, the clan of the Heberites; of Malchiel, the clan of the Malchielites.— (46) The name of Asher’s daughter was Serah.— (47) These are the clans of Asher’s descendants; persons enrolled: 53,400.
ותמת עדון אשת אשר בימים ההם, אין לה ולד. ויהי אחרי מות עדון, וילך אשר אל עבר הנהר ויקח את הדורה בת אבימאל בן עבר בן שם לו לאישה. והנערה טובת מראה ובעלת שכל, ותהי למלכיאל בן עילם בן שם לאישה. ותלד הדורה למלכיאל בת, ויקרא את שמה סרח. וימת מלכיאל אחרי כן, ותלך הדורה ותשב בית אביה. ויהי אחרי מות אשת אשר, וילך ויקח את הדורה לאישה ויביאה ארצה כנען. ותבוא גם סרח בתה עמה והיא בת שלוש שנים, ותגדל הנערה בבית יעקב. והנערה טובת מראה ותלך בדרכי בני יעקב בקדושה לא חסרה דבר, ויתן לה ה׳ חוכמה ושכל.
(21) Adun, Asher's wife at that time, died without children. And after the death of Adun, Asher went to the other side of the river and took Hadurah, daughter of Avimael, son of Ever, son of Shem for a wife. Hadurah had given birth to a daughter by Malkiel, and her name was Serach. After Malkiel died, Hadurah went back to dwell in her father's house. And after the death of Asher's wife, he went and took Hadurah for a wife, and brought her to the land of Canaan. And Serach her daughter he brought also with them, and she was three years old; and the damsel was brought up in Jacob's house. And the damsel was of comely appearance, and she went in the holy ways of the children of Jacob, and the Lord gave her wisdom and understanding.
SERACH IN CHILDHOOD
(ט) ויכל יוסף לצוות אותם ויפן וישב מצרימה, ובני יעקב הלכו ארצה כנען בשמחה ובטובה אל יעקב אביהם. ויבואו עד גבול הארץ ויאמרו איש אל רעהו, מה נעשה בדבר הזה לפני אבינו. כי אם נבוא אליו פתאום ונגד לו הדבר ויבהל מאוד מדברינו, ולא יאבה לשמוע אלינו. וילכו להם עד קרבם אל בתיהם וימצאו את שרח בת אשר אשר יוצאת לקראתם, והנערה טובה עד מאוד וחכמה ויודעת לנגן בכינור. ויקראו אליה ותבוא אליהם ותשק להם, ויקחוה ויתנו לה כינור אחד לאמור. בואי נא לפני אבינו וישבת לפניו, והך בכינור ודיברת ואמרת כדברים האלה לפניו. ויצוו אותה ללכת אל ביתם, ותיקח הכינור ותמהר ותלך לפניהם ותשב אצל יעקב. ותיטיב הכינור ותנגן ותאמר בנועם דבריה, יוסף דודי חי הוא וכי הוא מושל בכל ארץ מצרים ולא מת. ותוסף ותנגן ותדבר כדברים האלה, וישמע יעקב את דבריה ויערב לו. וישמע עוד בדברה פעמיים ושלוש, ותבוא השמחה בלב יעקב מנועם דבריה ותהי עליו רוח אלוקים וידע כי כל דבריה נכונה. ויברך יעקב את שרח בדברה הדברים האלה לפניו ויאמר אליה, בתי אל ימשול מות בך עד עולם כי החיית את רוחי. אך דברי נא עוד לפניי כאשר דיברת, כי שמחתני בכל דברייך. ותוסף ותנגן כדברים האלה ויעקב שומע ויערב לו וישמח, ותהי עליו רוח אלוקים. עודנו מדבר עמה והנה בניו באו אליו בסוסים ומרכבות ובגדי מלכות, ועבדים רצים לפניהם. ויקם יעקב לקראתם וירא את בניו מלובשים בלבוש מלכות, וירא את כל הטובה אשר שלח יוסף אליהם. ויאמרו אליו, התבשר כי יוסף אחינו חי והוא המושל בכל ארץ מצרים, והוא אשר דיבר אלינו ככל אשר דיברנו אליך. וישמע יעקב את כל דברי בניו ויפג לבו אל דבריהם, כי לא האמין להם עד ראותו את כל אשר נתן להם יוסף ואשר שלח לו ואת כל האותות אשר דיבר יוסף אליהם. ויפתחו לפניו את שקיהם ויראוהו את כל אשר שלח יוסף, וידע יעקב כי נכונה דיברו וישמח מאוד על בנו. ויאמר יעקב, רב לי אשר עוד יוסף בני חי, עתה אלכה ואראנו בטרם אמות. ויגידו לו בניו את כל הקורות אותם.
(9) And when Joseph had finished giving them his orders, he turned: and went back into Egypt, and the sons of Jacob went to the land of Canaan, in joy and happiness to their father. And when they came to the boundaries of the land, they said to one another: What shall we do in bringing this matter before our father? For if we impart it to him suddenly, and tell him all about it, he will be greatly astounded at our words and he will refuse to listen to us. And when they went on until they approached their houses they met Serach coming towards them, and the damsel was exceedingly beautiful and wise, and a skilled player on the harp; and they called her and she came unto them and she kissed them. And they took her and gave her a harp saying unto her: Go, we pray thee, before our father and sit down before him and strike this harp and speak unto him according to these words. And they instructed her concerning what she had to say, and she hastened unto Jacob and she sat down before him. And she sang and she played beautifully upon the harp, and she sang in the sweetness of her voice: Joseph my uncle is alive and he reigneth over all the land of Egypt; he is not dead. And she often repeated these words. And Jacob heard her words and it pleased him greatly, and when he heard her sing it twice and three times, the heart of Jacob was possessed by joy, through the sweet ness of her voice, and the spirit of God came over him, and he knew that all her words were true. And Jacob blessed Serach for singing these words before him, and he said: My daughter, may death never prevail against thee forever, for thou hast reviled my spirit, only repeat thou this song once more before me, for thou hast caused me gladness with thy words. And she sang once more the same words and Jacob listened, and he was pleased and he rejoiced, and the spirit of God came over him. And while he was yet speaking with her, his sons came before him with horses and chariots and royal garments and servants running before them. And Jacob arose and went to meet them, and he saw his sons dressed in royal garments and all the good things that Joseph sent unto them. And they said unto him: Be thou informed that our brother Joseph liveth, and that he ruleth over the whole land of Egypt, and it is he who hath spoken unto us all we have told unto thee. And Jacob heard all the words of his sons and his heart fainted, for he believed them not, until he saw all that Joseph had given unto them and all that Joseph had sent along with them, and all the signs he had spoken of unto them. And they unpacked all the things before him, and they displayed all that Joseph had sent, and they gave to every one of them what Joseph had sent him. And Jaco-b knew that they have spoken the truth, and Jacob was greatly rejoiced on account of his son. And he said: It is enough, Joseph, my son, is yet alive. I will go and see him before I die. And his sons told unto him all that had befallen them, and Jacob said: I will go down into Egypt, to see my son and my children. | And Jacob rose up and he put on the garments which Joseph had sent unto him, and he put a turban upon his head which Joseph had sent him after having washed and shaved himself. And all the men of the house of Jacob and their wives dressed themselves with the things that Joseph had sent them. And they rejoiced greatly on account of Joseph that he was still alive and that he was the ruler over Egypt. And all the inhabitants of Canaan heard the news, and they came and rejoiced with Jacob on account of Joseph that he was still alive. And Jacob prepared for them a feast of three days, and all the kings of Canaan, and all the great men of the land ate and drank and made merry in Jacob’s house.
מדרש הגדול, בראשית מ"ה:כ"ו
רבנן אמרו אם אנו אומרים לו תחלה יוסף קים שמא תפרח נשמתו. מה עשו? אמרו לשרח בת אשר, "אמרי לאבינו יעקב שיוסף קים והוא במצרים. מה עשתה? המתינה לא עד שהוא עומד בתפלה ואמרה בלשון תימה: יוסף במצרים / יולדו לו על ברכים / מנשה ואפרים. פג לבו כשהוא עומד בתפלה. כיון שהשלים ראה העגלות, מיד "ותחי רוח יעקב אבינו"
Midrash haGadol, Gen. 45:26
[The brothers said:] If we tell him right away, "Joseph is alive!" perhaps he will have a stroke [lit., his soul will fly away]. What did they do? They said to Serach, daughter of Asher, "Tell our father Jacob that Joseph is alive, and he is in Egypt." What did she do? She waited till he was standing in prayer, and then said in a tone of wonder, "Joseph is in Egypt / There have been born on his knees / Menasseh and Ephraim" [three rhyming lines]. His heart failed while he was standing in prayer. When he finished his prayer, he saw the wagons: immediately the spirit of Jacob came back to life. (Trans. Avivah Zornberg, Genesis, the Beginning of Desire, p.281).
LIVING FOREVER
ויש אומרים אנשים מבני אדם נכנסו בחיים בגן עדן, ... סרח בת אשר בעבור שאמרה ליעקב יוסף חי אמר לה יעקב זה הפה שבשרני על יוסף שהוא חי לא יטעום טעם מות
There are those who say that some human beings have gone alive into the Garden of Eden. ... Because Serach bat Asher told Jacob that Joseph was alive, Jacob said to her, “The mouth that told me that Joseph was alive will not taste the taste of death.”...
(יח) ט׳ נכנסו בחייהם בג״ע. ואלו הן חנוך בן ירד ואליהו ומשיח ואליעזר עבד אברהם וחירם מלך צור ועבד מלך הכושי ויעבץ בנו של רבי יהודה הנשיא ובתיה בת פרעה וסרח בת אשר ויש אומרים אף ר׳ יהושע בן לוי:
Nine people entered Gan Eden alive, namely: These are them: Hanoch ben Yered, Eliyahu, the Masiach, Eliezer the servant of Abraham, Cheerem king of Tzor and the servant of the Ethiopian king, Yoavatz the son of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, the daughter of Pharoah, and Serach bat Asher, and there are those who say also Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi.
SERACH SHOWS UP WAY LATER
(16) when a clever woman shouted from the city, “Listen! Listen! Tell Joab to come over here so I can talk to him.” (17) He approached her, and the woman asked, “Are you Joab?” “Yes,” he answered; and she said to him, “Listen to what your handmaid has to say.” “I’m listening,” he replied. (18) And she continued, “In olden times people used to say, ‘Let them inquire of Abel,’ and that was the end of the matter. (19) I am one of those who seek the welfare of the faithful in Israel. But you seek to bring death upon a mother city in Israel! Why should you destroy the LORD’s possession?” (20) Joab replied, “Far be it, far be it from me to destroy or to ruin! (21) Not at all! But a certain man from the hill country of Ephraim, named Sheba son of Bichri, has rebelled against King David. Just hand him alone over to us, and I will withdraw from the city.” The woman assured Joab, “His head shall be thrown over the wall to you.” (22) The woman came to all the people with her clever plan; and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bichri and threw it down to Joab. He then sounded the horn; all the men dispersed to their homes, and Joab returned to the king in Jerusalem.
(א) ד"א חלילה לך. אמר אברהם רבונו של עולם צופה אני ברוח הקדש כי עתידה אשה אחת לפלט עיר שלימה, ואני איני כדאי לפלט חמשת הכרכים הללו,
ואיזו היא האשה, זו סרח בת אשר, בשעה שמרד שבע בן בכרי בדוד ובא באבל, שנאמר [ויבאו ויצורו עליו באבלה וגו'] וכל העם אשר את יואב משחיתים להפיל החומה (ש"ב כ טו), וכיון שהרגישה סרח בדבר התחילה לצעוק קראו לה ליואב,
כיון שבא יואב אמרה האתה יואב ויאמר אני (שם שם יז), אתה הוא חכם שהכתוב מקלסך יושב שבת תחכמוני וגו' (ש"ב כג ח), הלא קראת בתורה כי תקרב אל עיר וגו' (דברים כ י), ולא היה לך לעשות כן, דבר (תדברו) [ידברו] בראשונה לאמר שאול ישאלו באבל (ש"ב כ יח), וקראת אליה לשלום וגו' (דברים שם), באבל וכן חתמו וגו' (ש"ב שם) ולמה תבלע נחלת ה' (שם יט),
כיון ששמע כן היה מתיירא ואמר יואב יש כאן צורך, שנאמר (ויאמר יואב) [ויען יואב ויאמר חלילה] חילה לי וגו' (שם שם כ), ואתה שאתה רחמן ערב לך לאבד את אלו, חלילה לך מעשות כדבר הזה,
ומה אמר לה יואב לא כן הדבר, כי איש מהר אפרים שבע בן בכרי שמו (שם שם כא), בעל מום עובד ע"ז, ושם נקרא איש בליעל ושמו שבע בן בכרי (שם שם א), אמרה לו אנכי שלומי אמוני ישראל (שם שם יט), אני ששלמתי מנין לישראל, שנאמר ושם בת אשר סרח (במדבר כו מו), אלא עמוד במקומך ואני אעשה שלום, שנאמר הנה ראשו מושלך איך בעד החומה (ש"ב שם כא), וכך היתה בטוחה בעצמה שהיא נותנה ראשו ליואב.
אלא ראה מה עשתה, ותבא האשה אל [כל] העם בחכמתה (שם שם כב), מהו בחכמתה, אלא אמרה להם היו יודעים כי יואב וכל ישראל עומדים בחוץ להרוג אותנו ובנינו ובנותינו, אמרו לה למה, אמרה להם מאה בני אדם הוא מבקש ליטול וילך, אמרו לה יטול מאתים, אמרה להם אינו מבקש אלא חמשים איש, אמרו לה יטול מאה, אמרה להם אינו מבקש אלא חמשה, אמרו לה יטול עשרה, אמרה להם אינו מבקש אלא אחד, שבע בן בכרי שמו, מיד כששמעו כך הלכו וכרתו את ראשו, שנאמר ויכרתו את ראש שבע בן בכרי (שם שם).
ראה חכמתה של אשה זו, כשם שבא אברהם בחכמה לפני הקב"ה, בא מחמשים למ' ומן מ' לל', ומן לן' לכ', ומן כ' לי', אף זו כך. ותבא האשה אל [כל] העם בחכמתה, עליה מקלס שלמה טובה חכמה מכלי קרב (קהלת ט יח), טובה היתה חכמתה של סרח, מכלי קרב שהיו ביד יואב, כיון שנטל יואב את ראש שבע בן בכרי מיד חזר ולא נגע בעיר, אמר אברהם לפני הקב"ה רבונו של עולם ומה אם יואב שנטל את ראש איש אחד שהיה חייב, הניח את כל העיר, ואתה שאתה רחמן תאבד את הכל, חלילה לך.
“It is an affront to you!” Abraham said, “Master of the Universe! I see through the Divine Spirit that in the future one woman will save a whole city. And I am not worthy to save these three villages?”
And which woman is this? She is Serach bat Asher. At the time when Sheva ben Bichri rebelled against David and came to Avel (to hide in the city) and the whole army with Yoav sought to break through the walls-- when Serach got word of this, she began to scream and they called to Yoav for her.
When Yoav came to her, she said, “Are you Yoav?” He said, “I am.” “You are so wise and yet you haven’t read in the torah that when you come to a city in war, you must call out in peace first? You didn’t do that! Why must our city fall?”
When he heard that, he was afraid and said, “There was a need here! It is an affront to me to do as you said.” And she replied, “And you who are merciful, you will mix together all of them? It is an affront to you!”
And what did Yoav say to her? “It is not like that. There is a man from Mount Efrayim named Sheva ben Bichri. He is a tainted idolator.” She said to him, “I am peaceful and faithful. I, who completed the number of Israelites coming out of Egypt. You stand still and I will make peace and throw his head over the wall to you.” That is how sure she was that she could get Sheva ben Bichri’s head to Yoav.
And here’s what she did: “She came to the people in her wisdom.” What was her wisdom? She said to them, “You know that Yoav and all of Israel are standing outside the wall to kill us and our sons and daughters.” They said to her, “Why?” She said to them, “He is asking to take 100 people and then he’ll leave.” They said to her, “Give him 200!” She said to them, “Actually, he’s only asking to take 50.” They said to her, “Give him 100!” She said to them, “Actually, he’s only asking for 5.” They said to her, “Give him 10!” She said to them, “Truthfully, he is asking for one, a man named Sheva ben Bichri. As soon as they heard this, they went and cut off his head.
See the wisdom of this woman! When Abraham came with his wisdom before the Holy Blessed One, he went from 50 to 40, from 40 to 30, from 30 to 20, from 20 to 10-- and she did the same. Serach’s wisdom was better than Yoav’s weapons. As soon as he got Sheva ben Bichri’s head, he left and did not harm the city. Thus Abraham said before the Holy Blessed One, “Master of the Universe! If Yoav can take the head of one person who was guilty and leave the rest of the city, you who are merciful will really destroy it all? It is an affront to you!”
(Translation Emily Fishman and Rabbi Becky Silverstein)
SERACH STRIKES AGAIN!
(יב) פסקא יא אות יג (יג) ר' יוחנן הוה יתיב דרש כיצד היו המים עשויין לישר' כחומה דרש ר' יוחנן כאילין קנקילייא אדיקת שרח בת אשר ואמרת תמן הוינא ולא הוון אלא כאילין אמפומטא
Rabbi Yohanan was sitting and expounding, “In what way did the waters look like walls (when the Israelites crossed the Red Sea)? They were like lattice.” Serach bat Asher became angry and said, “I was there and it was like glass windows."
SERACH IN PERSIA
This community's [Persian Jews] foundation legend, advocating the very premise and legitimacy of its existence, is centered on Serah, who, according to this tradition, was the first Jew to arrive in Persia. One day, while she was grazing her father's flock, one of her sheep wandered off and disappeared into a nearby cave. The diligent shepherdess set off on a long journey to retrieve the missing ewe. She found it only when she emerged from the cave's other end, in Persia, near the city of Isfahan. Serah's tomb, according to Jewish-Persian Tradition, lies at this spot. ... She still appears to the visitors of her tomb in her long hair, garbed in white, a young and beautiful woman in full bloom. The oasis, the place of her tomb, is called "kookooloo," on account of the echo that resonates throughout the area. But some say that in truth this echo is none other than Serah's own voice, returning to her people their lost words.
Babai records that the principal synagogue of Ispahan was called "Serah bat Asher." When the other synagogues of Ispahan were set on fire by Mirza Mas'udi under Shah Abbas II., Serah bat Asher escaped. This synagogue is still held in great veneration. The Jews make pilgrimages to it from all parts of the Persian empire; for there is a tradition that Serah, the daughter of Asher, was buried there.

By Kipala - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41207325

