Jewish Resilience: What Kind of Sukkah are You?
Motzei Shabbat Hashkafa Shiur for the Edison Chabura
Read the following sources with the person sitting next to or across from you and try to answer:
1 - Would Rabban Gamliel, one of the leading baal middot and talmidei chachamim of his generation engage in what appears to be "Talmudic trash talk" (e.g. "Akiva, where's your sukkah?")? If not, what's the message beyond this statement?
2 - What can we learn from the Mishna in Sotah about resilience and not retreating when confronted with external and/or internal challenges?
3 - Why is the penultimate paragraph of Mesilit Yesharim (brought here in two Sefaria-style "chunks") arguably the most impactful and important part of the entire sefer?

Gemara in Sukkah 23a

מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא שֶׁהָיוּ בָּאִין בִּסְפִינָה, עָמַד רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְעָשָׂה סוּכָּה בְּרֹאשׁ הַסְּפִינָה. לְמָחָר נָשְׁבָה רוּחַ וַעֲקָרַתָּה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: עֲקִיבָא! הֵיכָן סוּכָּתְךָ?

There was an incident involving Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Akiva, who were coming on a ship. Rabbi Akiva arose and established a sukka at the top of the ship. The next day the wind blew and uprooted it. Rabban Gamliel said to him: Akiva, where is your sukka? It was unfit from the start.

Mishna 8:1 in Sotah

מְשׁוּחַ מִלְחָמָה, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמְּדַבֵּר אֶל הָעָם, בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ הָיָה מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כ) וְהָיָה כְּקָרָבְכֶם אֶל הַמִּלְחָמָה וְנִגַּשׁ הַכֹּהֵן, זֶה כֹּהֵן מְשׁוּחַ מִלְחָמָה, וְדִבֶּר אֶל הָעָם, בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ. וְאָמַר אֲלֵיהֶם (שם) שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתֶּם קְרֵבִים הַיּוֹם לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל אֹיְבֵיכֶם, וְלֹא עַל אֲחֵיכֶם, לֹא יְהוּדָה עַל שִׁמְעוֹן, וְלֹא שִׁמְעוֹן עַל בִּנְיָמִין, שֶׁאִם תִּפְּלוּ בְיָדָם יְרַחֲמוּ עֲלֵיכֶם, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דה"ב כח) וַיָּקֻמוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר נִקְּבוּ בְשֵׁמוֹת וַיַּחֲזִיקוּ בַשִּׁבְיָה וְכָל מַעֲרֻמֵּיהֶם הִלְבִּישׁוּ מִן הַשָּׁלָל וַיַּלְבִּשֻׁם וַיַּנְעִלּוּם וַיַּאֲכִלוּם וַיַּשְׁקוּם וַיְסֻכוּם וַיְנַהֲלוּם בַּחֲמֹרִים לְכָל כּוֹשֵׁל וַיְבִיאוּם יְרֵחוֹ עִיר הַתְּמָרִים אֵצֶל אֲחֵיהֶם וַיָּשׁוּבוּ שֹׁמְרוֹן. עַל אוֹיְבֵיכֶם אַתֶּם הוֹלְכִים, שֶׁאִם תִּפְּלוּ בְיָדָם אֵין מְרַחֲמִין עֲלֵיכֶם. אַל יֵרַךְ לְבַבְכֶם אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל תַּחְפְּזוּ וְגוֹ' (דברים כ). אַל יֵרַךְ לְבַבְכֶם, מִפְּנֵי צָהֳלַת סוּסִים וְצִחְצוּחַ חֲרָבוֹת. אַל תִּירְאוּ, מִפְּנֵי הֲגָפַת תְּרִיסִין וְשִׁפְעַת הַקַּלְגַּסִּין. אַל תַּחְפְּזוּ, מִקּוֹל קְרָנוֹת. אַל תַּעַרְצוּ, מִפְּנֵי קוֹל צְוָחוֹת. כִּי יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הַהֹלֵךְ עִמָּכֶם, הֵן בָּאִין בְּנִצְחוֹנוֹ שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם, וְאַתֶּם בָּאִים בְּנִצְחוֹנוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם. פְּלִשְׁתִּים בָּאוּ בְנִצְחוֹנוֹ שֶׁל גָּלְיָת, מֶה הָיָה סוֹפוֹ, לְסוֹף נָפַל בַּחֶרֶב וְנָפְלוּ עִמּוֹ. בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן בָּאוּ בְנִצְחוֹנוֹ שֶׁל שׁוֹבַךְ, מֶה הָיָה סוֹפוֹ, לְסוֹף נָפַל בַּחֶרֶב וְנָפְלוּ עִמּוֹ. וְאַתֶּם אִי אַתֶּם כֵּן. כִּי יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הַהֹלֵךְ עִמָּכֶם לְהִלָּחֵם לָכֶם וְגוֹ', זֶה מַחֲנֵה הָאָרוֹן:

With regard to the priest who was anointed for war, at the time that he would speak to the nation, he would speak to them in the sacred tongue, Hebrew, as it is stated: “And it shall be, when you draw near to the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak to the people” (Deuteronomy 20:2). This priest identified in the verse is the priest anointed for war, the priest who is inaugurated specifically to serve this function. “And speak to the people”; he addresses them in the sacred tongue, Hebrew. The Torah dictates the priest’s address: “And he shall say to them: Hear Israel, you draw near today to battle against your enemies; let not your heart faint; fear not, nor be alarmed, and do not be terrified of them” (Deuteronomy 20:3). The priest expounds: “Against your enemies” and not against your brothers. This is not a war of the tribe of Judah against Simon and not Simon against Benjamin, such that if you fall into their hands your brothers will have mercy on you, as it is stated with regard to a war between Judah and Israel: “And the men that have been mentioned by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon donkeys, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, unto their brethren; then they returned to Samaria” (II Chronicles 28:15). Rather, you are marching to war against your enemies, and if you fall into their hands, they will not have mercy on you. The priest continues: “Let not your heart faint; fear not, nor be alarmed, and do not be terrified of them” (Deuteronomy 20:3). “Let not your heart faint” due to the neighing of horses and the sharpening of the enemy’s swords. “Fear not” due to the knocking of shields [terisin] and the noise of their boots [calgassin]. “Nor be alarmed” by the sound of trumpets. “Do not be terrified” due to the sound of shouts. The priest explains why the soldiers need not be terrified. “For the Lord your God is He that goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you” (Deuteronomy 20:4). Remember that they come to war championed by flesh and blood, and you are coming championed by the Omnipresent. The Philistines came championed by Goliath. What was his end? In the end, he fell by the sword, and they fell with him (see I Samuel, chapter 17). The Ammonites came championed by Shobach. What was his end? In the end, he fell by the sword, and they fell with him (see II Samuel, chapter 10). But as for you, you are not so, reliant upon the strength of mortals: “For the Lord your God is He that goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you”; this verse is referring to the camp of the Ark of the Covenant that accompanies them out to war.

Mesilit Yesharim Chapter 26 - The Virtue of Holiness

וְזֶה פָּשׁוּט כִּי כָּל אָדָם לְפִי הָאֻמָּנוּת אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדוֹ, וְהָעֵסֶק אֲשֶׁר הוּא עוֹסֵק, כָּךְ צָרִיךְ לוֹ הַיְשָׁרָה וְהַדְרָכָה, כִּי דֶּרֶךְ הַחֲסִידוּת הָרָאוּי לְמִי שֶׁתּוֹרָתוֹ אֻמָּנוּתוֹ אֵינוֹ דֶּרֶךְ הַחֲסִידוּת הָרָאוּי לְמִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהַשְׂכִּיר עַצְמוֹ לִמְלֶאכֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וְלֹא זֶה וָזֶה דֶּרֶךְ הַחֲסִידוּת הָרָאוּי לְמִי שֶׁעוֹסֵק בִּסְחוֹרָתוֹ, וְכֵן כָּל שְׁאָר הַפְּרָטִים אֲשֶׁר בְּעִסְקֵי הָאָדָם בָּעוֹלָם, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לְפִי מָה שֶׁהוּא רְאוּיִים לוֹ דַּרְכֵי הַחֲסִידוּת, לֹא לְפִי שֶׁהַחֲסִידוּת מִשְׁתַּנֶּה, כִּי הִנֵּה הוּא שָׁוֶה לְכָל נֶפֶשׁ וַדַּאי, הוֹאִיל וְאֵינֶנּוּ אֶלָּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ נַחַת רוּחַ לְיוֹצְרוֹ בּוֹ.

It is evident, that each individual needs correction and guidance according to his particular trade and occupation. For the way of Piety appropriate for one whose occupation is Torah study is not the way of Piety for one who needs to hire himself out to work for his fellow. Nor are these two the way of Piety appropriate for one occupied in business. Similarly for all other various affairs of human beings in the world. Each person according to who he is, will be the ways of piety suitable for him. This is not because Piety varies, for it is certainly equal for everyone, since piety is nothing more than doing what is pleasing to one's Maker.

אֲבָל הוֹאִיל וְהַנּוֹשְׂאִים מִשְׁתַּנִּים אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתַּנּוּ הָאֶמְצָעִיִּים הַמַּגִּיעִים אוֹתָם אֶל הַתַּכְלִית כָּל אֶחָד לְפִי עִנְיָנוֹ. וּכְבָר יָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת חָסִיד גָּמוּר אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִפְסֹק מִפִּיו הַלִּמּוּד כְּמוֹ מִי שֶׁמִּפְּנֵי צָרְכּוֹ הוּא בַּעַל מְלָאכָה פְּחוּתָה, וּכְתִיב (משלי טז:ד): כֹּל פָּעַל יהוה לַמַּעֲנֵהוּ. וְאוֹמֵר (משלי ג:ו): בְּכָל דְּרָכֶיךָ דָעֵהוּ וְהוּא יְיַשֵּׁר אֹרְחֹתֶיךָ.

But since the subjects vary, it is impossible for the means which bring to this goal to not vary accordingly with each individual. Thus one can be a complete Chasid if he is a man whose mouth does not interrupt from Torah study, just like one who, due to necessity, is a lowly laborer. And it is written: "G-d has made everything for His sake" (Mishlei 16:4), and "in all your ways know Him, and He will straighten your paths" (Mishlei 3:6).

Discussion Questions

Gemara in Sukkah 23a:
1 - What kind of Sukkah are you? Are you Aray or Keva? What does Hashem require of you? [Remember: The hashkafa accords with the halacha, and the halacha accords with the hashkafa – and the halacha is like Rebbe Akiva (see Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 628:2)]
Mishna in Sotah 8:6:
2 - Are you making use of your “guards” on the front lines to help you get back up when the winds of life uproot your Sukkah? Who/What are your “guards” – both in front and behind? They might differ! [Remember: Our rabbis tell us that battles in the Torah teach us how to handle our personal battles against the yetzer harah.]
Chapter 26 of Mesilit Yesharim:
3 - Are you following a path to chasidut/piety? Are you on the correct path for YOUR individual circumstances? Is that path helping you when your Sukkah falls down? [Take chizuk: There IS a unique path that is perfect for you! You just need to make the time to find it!]

Life-Changing Reflection Points

  • The chidush of our Gemara is NOT that we need to create a Sukkah that can hold up to any common wind, irrespective of location. The chidush of the Gemara is that your Sukkah WILL fall (i.e. you will make mistakes, etc. in your personal life) – but now that your Sukkah has fallen, what are you going to do about it? “Akiva, where is your Sukkah?!” How are you going to handle the fact that you fell? How do you bounce back? THAT’S the test Hashem is sending you! You didn’t fail by falling. You only fail if you don’t get back up and rebuild! That’s the chidush!
  • Finding your personal derech/path in Torah and your unique talents/strengths:
  1. Helps you rebuild your Sukkah when it falls
  2. Motivates you to get back up when you fall in battle against your yetzer harah
  3. Become the tools that Hashem gave you to assist in rebuilding the “fallen Sukkah of David” (the Bet HaMikdash) [may it be rebuilt, speedily, in our days]
The recording for this shiur can be found at https://bobbarocas.com/shiurim.
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