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Share(א) וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יהוה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ (ב) דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־כׇּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֥ אֲלֵהֶ֖ם קְדֹשִׁ֣ים תִּהְי֑וּ כִּ֣י קָד֔וֹשׁ אֲנִ֖י יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
(1) GOD spoke to Moses, saying: (2) Speak to the whole Israelite community and say to them:
You shall be holy, for I, the ETERNAL your God, am holy.
דבר אל כל עדת בני ישראל. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרָה פָרָשָׁה זוֹ בְּהַקְהֵל מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרֹב גּוּפֵי תוֹרָה תְלוּיִּין בָּהּ (ספרא):
דבר אל כל עדת בני ישראל SPEAK UNTO ALL THE CONGREGATION OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL — This (the addition of the words כל עדת) teaches us that this section was proclaimed in full assembly because most of the fundamental teachings of the Torah are dependent on it (contained in it) (Sifra, Kedoshim, Section 1 1; Vayikra Rabbah 24:5).
(יח) לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יהוה׃
(18) You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against members of your people. Love your fellow as yourself: I am GOD.
קְדוֹשִׁים תִּהְיוּ הֱווּ פְּרוּשִׁים מִן הָעֲרָיוֹת וּמִן הָעֲבֵרָה, שֶׁכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא גֶּדֶר עֶרְוָה אַתָּה מוֹצֵא קְדֻשָּׁה, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על ויקרא י"ט:ב'). אֲבָל בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים (פרשה א ב) רָאִיתִי סְתָם, פְּרוּשִׁים תִּהְיוּ. וְכֵן שָׁנוּ שָׁם (שמיני פרק יב ג), "וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם וִהְיִיתֶם קְדֹשִׁים כִּי קָדוֹשׁ אָנִי", כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֲנִי קָדוֹשׁ כָּךְ אַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ קְדוֹשִׁים, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֲנִי פָּרוּשׁ כָּךְ אַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ פְּרוּשִׁים. וּלְפִי דַּעְתִּי אֵין הַפְּרִישׁוּת הַזּוֹ לִפְרֹשׁ מִן הָעֲרָיוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי הָרַב, אֲבָל הַפְּרִישׁוּת הִיא הַמֻּזְכֶּרֶת בְּכָל מָקוֹם בַּתַּלְמוּד שֶׁבְּעָלֶיהָ נִקְרָאִים "פְּרוּשִׁים". וְהָעִנְיָן כִּי הַתּוֹרָה הִזְהִירָה בָּעֲרָיוֹת וּבַמַּאֲכָלִים הָאֲסוּרִים, וְהִתִּירָה הַבִּיאָה אִישׁ בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ וַאֲכִילַת הַבָּשָׂר וְהַיַּיִן. א"כ יִמְצָא בַּעַל הַתַּאֲוָה מָקוֹם לִהְיוֹת שָׁטוּף בְּזִמַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ אוֹ נָשָׁיו הָרַבּוֹת, וְלִהְיוֹת בְּסֹבְאֵי יָיִן בְּזֹלֲלֵי בָשָׂר לָמוֹ, וִידַבֵּר כִּרְצוֹנוֹ בְּכָל הַנְּבָלוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא הֻזְכַּר אִסּוּר זֶה בַּתּוֹרָה, וְהִנֵּה יִהְיֶה נָבָל בִּרְשׁוּת הַתּוֹרָה.
YE SHALL BE HOLY. “Abstain from the forbidden sexual relationships [mentioned in the preceding section] and from [other] sin, because wherever you find [in the Torah] a warning to guard against immorality, you find the mention of ‘holiness.’” This is Rashi’s language. But in the Torath Kohanim I have seen it mentioned without any qualification [i.e., without any particular reference to immorality, as Rashi expressed it], saying: “Be self-restraining.” Similarly, the Rabbis taught there: “And ye shall sanctify yourselves, and be ye holy, for I am Holy. Just as I am Holy, so be you holy. Just as I am Pure, so be you pure.” And in my opinion, this abstinence does not refer only to restraint from acts of immorality, as the Rabbi [Rashi] wrote, but it is rather the self-control mentioned throughout the Talmud, which confers upon those who practice it the name of P’rushim (Pharisees), [literally: “those who are separated” from self-indulgence, as will be explained, or those who practice self-restraint]. The meaning thereof is as follows: The Torah has admonished us against immorality and forbidden foods, but permitted sexual intercourse between man and his wife, and the eating of [certain] meat and wine. If so, a man of desire could consider this to be a permission to be passionately addicted to sexual intercourse with his wife or many wives, and be among winebibbers, among gluttonous eaters of flesh, and speak freely all profanities, since this prohibition has not been [expressly] mentioned in the Torah, and thus he will become a sordid person within the permissible realm of the Torah!
(ג) אִ֣ישׁ אִמּ֤וֹ וְאָבִיו֙ תִּירָ֔אוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ אֲנִ֖י יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ (ד) אַל־תִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלִילִ֔ם וֵֽאלֹהֵי֙ מַסֵּכָ֔ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ (ה) וְכִ֧י תִזְבְּח֛וּ זֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים לַיהוה לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽהוּ׃ (ו) בְּי֧וֹם זִבְחֲכֶ֛ם יֵאָכֵ֖ל וּמִֽמׇּחֳרָ֑ת וְהַנּוֹתָר֙ עַד־י֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ (ז) וְאִ֛ם הֵאָכֹ֥ל יֵאָכֵ֖ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י פִּגּ֥וּל ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה׃ (ח) וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א כִּֽי־אֶת־קֹ֥דֶשׁ יהוה חִלֵּ֑ל וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ (ט) וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶם֙ אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְךָ֖ לִקְצֹ֑ר וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט׃ (י) וְכַרְמְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תְעוֹלֵ֔ל וּפֶ֥רֶט כַּרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יהוה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ (יא) לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ (יב) וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וְחִלַּלְתָּ֛ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יהוה׃
(3) You shall each revere your mother and your father, and keep My sabbaths: I the ETERNAL am your God. (4) Do not turn to idols or make molten gods for yourselves: I the ETERNAL am your God. (5) When you sacrifice an offering of well-being to GOD, sacrifice it so that it may be accepted in your behalf. (6) It shall be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or on the day after; but what is left by the third day must be consumed in fire. (7) If it should be eaten on the third day, it is an offensive thing, it will not be acceptable. (8) And one who eats of it shall bear the guilt for having profaned what is sacred to GOD; that person shall be cut off from kin. (9) When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest. (10) You shall not pick your vineyard bare, or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I the ETERNAL am your God. (11) You shall not steal; you shall not deal deceitfully or falsely with one another. (12) You shall not swear falsely by My name, profaning the name of your God: I am the ETERNAL.
