From Flawed Leadership to Populism
Parshat Vaetchanan - How does the Torah's portrait of flawed yet accountable leaders challenge modern ideas of victimhood, power, and moral authority?
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(כג) וָאֶתְחַנַּ֖ן אֶל־יְהֹוָ֑ה בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹֽר׃ (כד) אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֗ה אַתָּ֤ה הַֽחִלּ֙וֹתָ֙ לְהַרְא֣וֹת אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶ֨ת־גׇּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת־יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִי־אֵל֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ׃ (כה) אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֗א וְאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הָהָ֥ר הַטּ֛וֹב הַזֶּ֖ה וְהַלְּבָנֹֽן׃ (כו) וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨ר יְהֹוָ֥ה בִּי֙ לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֵלָ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ רַב־לָ֔ךְ אַל־תּ֗וֹסֶף דַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י ע֖וֹד בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ (כז) עֲלֵ֣ה ׀ רֹ֣אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֗ה וְשָׂ֥א עֵינֶ֛יךָ יָ֧מָּה וְצָפֹ֛נָה וְתֵימָ֥נָה וּמִזְרָ֖חָה וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ כִּי־לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן הַזֶּֽה׃ (כח) וְצַ֥ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ כִּי־ה֣וּא יַעֲבֹ֗ר לִפְנֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃

(23) I pleaded with GOD at that time, saying, (24) “O my Sovereign GOD, You who let Your servant see the first works of Your greatness and Your mighty hand, You whose powerful deeds no god in heaven or on earth can equal! (25) Let me, I pray, cross over and see the good land on the other side of the Jordan, that good hill country, and the Lebanon.” (26) But GOD was wrathful with me on your account and would not listen to me. GOD said to me, “Enough! Never speak to Me of this matter again! (27) Go up to the summit of Pisgah and gaze about, to the west, the north, the south, and the east. Look at it well, for you shall not go across yonder Jordan. (28) Give Joshua his instructions, and imbue him with strength and courage, for he shall go across at the head of this people, and he shall allot to them the land that you may only see.”

מִי לָנוּ גָּדוֹל מִמֹּשֶׁה וְכוּ׳. ״וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֵלַי רַב לָךְ״, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי: בְּ״רַב״ בִּישֵּׂר, בְּ״רַב״ בִּישְּׂרוּהוּ. בְּ״רַב״ בִּישֵּׂר — ״רַב לָכֶם״. בְּ״רַב״ בִּישְּׂרוּהוּ — ״רַב לָךְ״.

§ The mishna teaches: Who, to us, had a greater burial than Moses, as no one involved himself in his burial other than the Omnipresent Himself. The Gemara teaches: When Moses relates how God responded to him when denying his request to enter Eretz Yisrael, he states: “And the Lord said to me: Let it suffice for you [rav lakh]; speak no more to Me of this matter” (Deuteronomy 3:26). Rabbi Levi says: Moses proclaimed to the Jewish people when rebuking them with the term rav,” and therefore it was proclaimed to him with the term rav that he would not enter Eretz Yisrael. The Gemara explains: He proclaimed with the term rav when speaking with the congregation of Korah: “You take too much upon you [rav lakhem], you sons of Levi” (Numbers 16:7), and it was proclaimed to him with the term rav,” as God denied his request and said: “Let it suffice for you [rav lakh].”

רַב לָכֶם בְּנֵי לֵוִי (במדבר טז, ז), אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה אַתְּ מְחֵית בְּחוּטְרָא וּבְמָה דִמְחֵית אַתְּ לָקֵי, אַתְּ אֲמַרְתְּ רַב לָכֶם, לְמָחָר אַתְּ שָׁמַע (דברים ג, כו): רַב לָךְ.

“It is too much for you, sons of Levi” (Numbers 16:7) – the Holy One blessed be He said to Moses: ‘You struck with a rod and with what you struck, you are stricken. You said: “It is too much for you [rav lakhem].” Tomorrow, you will hear: “Enough for you [rav lakh]”’ (Deuteronomy 3:26).

וָאֶתְחַנַּן אֶל ה', ... אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, מִכָּאן אַתָּה לָמֵד, שֶׁאֵין לִבְרִיָה כְּלוּם אֵצֶל בּוֹרְאָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי משֶׁה רַבָּן שֶׁל כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים לֹא בָא אֶלָּא בִּלְשׁוֹן תַּחֲנוּנִים.

“I pleaded with the Lord at that time, saying” (Deuteronomy 3:23).
...
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: From here you learn that no creature has any claim on its Creator, as Moses, the master of all the prophets, came only with an expression of plea.

... אָמַר לוֹ לִטֹּל נִשְׁמָתְךָ בָּאתִי, אָמַר לוֹ מִי שִׁגְרְךָ, אָמַר לוֹ מִי שֶׁבָּרָא אֶת כָּל הַבְּרִיּוֹת. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין אַתָּה נוֹטֵל נִשְׁמָתִי. אָמַר לוֹ כָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם נִשְׁמָתָן מְסוּרִין לְיָדִי, אָמַר לוֹ, יֵשׁ בִּי כֹּחַ מִכָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם. אָמַר לוֹ, מַה כֹּחֲךָ, אָמַר לוֹ אֲנִי בֶּן עַמְרָם שֶׁיָּצָאתִי מִמְּעֵי אִמִּי מָהוּל, וְלֹא נִצְרַכְתִּי לְמָהֳלֵנִי, וּבוֹ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנּוֹלַדְתִּי מָצָאתִי פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה, וְהָלַכְתִּי בְרַגְלַי, וְדִבַּרְתִּי עִם אָבִי וְאִמִּי, וַאֲפִלּוּ חָלָב לֹא יָנַקְתִּי, וּכְשֶׁהָיִיתִי בֶּן שְׁלשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים הִתְנַבֵּאתִי וְאָמַרְתִּי שֶׁעָתִיד אֲנִי לְקַבֵּל תּוֹרָה מִתּוֹךְ לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ. וּכְשֶׁהָיִיתִי מְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ נִכְנַסְתִּי לְפַלְטְרִין שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ וְנָטַלְתִּי כֶּתֶר מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ, וּכְשֶׁהָיִיתִי בֶּן שְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה עָשִׂיתִי אוֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים בְּמִצְרַיִם, וְהוֹצֵאתִי שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא לְעֵינֵי כָּל מִצְרַיִם, וְקָרַעְתִּי אֶת הַיָּם לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר קְרָעִים, וְהָפַכְתִּי מֵי מָרָה לְמָתוֹק, וְעָלִיתִי וְדָרַכְתִּי דֶּרֶךְ בַּשָּׁמַיִם, וְהָיִיתִי תּוֹפֵס בְּמִלְחַמְתָּן שֶׁל מַלְאָכִים, וְקִבַּלְתִּי תּוֹרָה שֶׁל אֵשׁ, וְדַרְתִּי תַּחַת כִּסֵּא אֵשׁ, וְסֻכָּתִי תַּחַת עַמּוּד אֵשׁ, וְדִבַּרְתִּי עִמּוֹ פָּנִים בְּפָנִים, וְנָצַחְתִּי בְּפָמַלְיָא שֶׁל מַעְלָה, וְגִלִּיתִי רָזֵיהֶם לִבְנֵי אָדָם, וְקִבַּלְתִּי תּוֹרָה מִימִינוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְלִמַּדְתִּי אוֹתָהּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְעָשִׂיתִי מִלְחָמָה עִם סִיחוֹן וְעִם עוֹג שְׁנֵי גִּבּוֹרֵי עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת הַמַּבּוּל לֹא הִגִּיעוּ מַיִם לְקַרְסֻלֵּיהֶן מִפְּנֵי גָּבְהָן, וְהֶעֱמַדְתִּי חַמָּה וּלְבָנָה בְּרוּם עוֹלָם, וְהִכִּיתִים בַּמַּטֶּה שֶׁבְּיָדִי וַהֲרַגְתִּים. מִי יֵשׁ בְּבָאֵי עוֹלָם שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן, לֵךְ רָשָׁע מִכָּאן אֵין לְךָ לוֹמַר כֵּן, לֵךְ בְּרַח מִלְּפָנַי, אֵינִי נוֹתֵן נִשְׁמָתִי לְךָ.

... He said to him: ‘I came to take your soul.’ He said to him: ‘Who sent you?’ He said to him: ‘The One who created all the creations.’ He said to him: ‘You will not take my soul.’ He said to him: ‘Anyone who comes into the world, their souls are given to me.’ He said to him: ‘'I have greater strength than anyone [else] who comes into the world.’
He said to him: ‘What is your strength?’ He said to him: ‘I am the son of Amram, I emerged circumcised from my mother’s womb, and there was no need to circumcise me. On the day that I was born, I was able to speak, I walked on my feet, I spoke with my father and my mother, and I did not even suck milk. When I was three months old, I prophesied and said that I was destined to receive the Torah from fiery flames. When I was walking outside, I entered the king’s palace and took the crown from upon his head. When I was eighty years old, I performed signs and wonders in Egypt: I took out sixty myriads before the eyes of all Egypt; I split the sea into twelve sections; I sweetened the water of Mara; I ascended and trod a path in the heavens; I engaged in the battle of the angels; I received a Torah of fire; I resided under a throne of fire; took shelter under a pillar of fire; I spoke with Him face to face; I prevailed over the heavenly entourage; I revealed their secrets to humankind; I received Torah from the right [hand] of the Holy One blessed be He, and taught it to Israel. I waged war with Siḥon and with Og, two mighty idol worshippers, who during the Flood, the water did not reach their ankles due to their height. I caused the sun and the moon to stand still in the heights, and I struck them with the staff in my hand and I killed them. Who is there among those who come into the world who can do that? Go from here, wicked one, you must not say that. Go, flee from before me, I will not give my soul to you.’

Jonathan Saks
For us as Jews, humanity at its highest is still human. We are mortal. We are creatures of flesh and blood. We are born, we grow, we learn, we mature, we make our way in the world. If we are lucky we find love. If we are blessed, we have children. But we also age. The body grows old even if the spirit stays young. We know that this gift of life does not last forever because in this physical universe, nothing lasts forever, not even planets or stars.
For each of us, therefore, there is a river we will not cross, a promised land we will not enter and a destination we will not reach. Even the greatest life is an unfinished symphony. Moses’ death on the far side of the Jordan is a consolation for all of us. None of us should feel guilty or frustrated or angry or defeated that there are things we hoped to achieve but did not. That is what it is to be human.
Nor should we be haunted by our mistakes. That, I believe, is why the Torah tells us that Moses sinned. Did it really have to include the episode of the water, the stick, the rock and Moses’ anger? It happened, but did the Torah have to tell us it happened? It passes over thirty-eight of the forty years in the wilderness in silence. It does not report every incident, only those that have a lesson for posterity. Why not, then, pass over this too in silence, sparing Moses’ good name? What other religious literature has ever been so candid about the failings of even the greatest of its heroes?
Because that is what it is to be human. Even the greatest human beings made mistakes, failed as often as they succeeded, and had moments of black despair. What made them great was not that they were perfect but that they kept going. They learned from every error, refused to give up hope, and eventually acquired the great gift that only failure can grant, namely humility. They understood that life is about falling a hundred times and getting up again. It is about never losing your ideals even when you know how hard it is to change the world. It’s about getting up every morning and walking one more day toward the Promised Land even though you know you may never get there, but knowing also that you helped others get there. (see: Unfinished Symphony - Life-Changing Ideas • Vezot Habracha • 5778
Nahum Sarna
On the contrary, one of the unique features of the patriarchal narratives is that the fathers were not, as among other peoples, mythological personages, super-human heroes or idealized saints. They are vividly portrayed as human beings, vitally involved in the struggle for existence, subject to temptation like all other men and like them, too, possessed of human frailties and strength of character, and experiencing the joys and sorrows of life. see: Understanding Genesis: The Heritage of Biblical Israel, which was originally published in 1966
Matthew 5: The Sermon on the Mount.
Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, 2 and he began to teach them.
The Beatitudes
He said:
3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
4 Blessed are those who mourn,
for they will be comforted.
5 Blessed are the meek,
for they will inherit the earth.
6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
for they will be filled.
7 Blessed are the merciful,
for they will be shown mercy.
8 Blessed are the pure in heart,
for they will see God.
9 Blessed are the peacemakers,
for they will be called children of God.
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
11 “Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. 12 Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

(א) ר֛וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִ֖ה עָלָ֑י יַ֡עַן מָשַׁח֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֹתִ֜י לְבַשֵּׂ֣ר עֲנָוִ֗ים שְׁלָחַ֙נִי֙ לַחֲבֹ֣שׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵ֔ב לִקְרֹ֤א לִשְׁבוּיִם֙ דְּר֔וֹר וְלַאֲסוּרִ֖ים פְּקַח־קֽוֹחַ׃

(1)The spirit of my Sovereign GOD is upon me,
Because GOD has anointed me.
I have been sent as a herald of joy to the humble,To bind up the wounded of heart, To proclaim release to the captives, Liberation to the imprisoned;

(א) ר֛וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִ֖ה עָלָ֑י יַ֡עַן מָשַׁח֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֹתִ֜י לְבַשֵּׂ֣ר עֲנָוִ֗ים שְׁלָחַ֙נִי֙ לַחֲבֹ֣שׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵ֔ב לִקְרֹ֤א לִשְׁבוּיִם֙ דְּר֔וֹר וְלַאֲסוּרִ֖ים פְּקַח־קֽוֹחַ׃ (ב) לִקְרֹ֤א שְׁנַת־רָצוֹן֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה וְי֥וֹם נָקָ֖ם לֵאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְנַחֵ֖ם כׇּל־אֲבֵלִֽים׃ (ג) לָשׂ֣וּם ׀ לַאֲבֵלֵ֣י צִיּ֗וֹן לָתֵת֩ לָהֶ֨ם פְּאֵ֜ר תַּ֣חַת אֵ֗פֶר שֶׁ֤מֶן שָׂשׂוֹן֙ תַּ֣חַת אֵ֔בֶלמַעֲטֵ֣ה תְהִלָּ֔ה תַּ֖חַת ר֣וּחַ כֵּהָ֑ה וְקֹרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ אֵילֵ֣י הַצֶּ֔דֶק מַטַּ֥ע יְהֹוָ֖ה לְהִתְפָּאֵֽר׃

(1)The spirit of my Sovereign GOD is upon me,
Because GOD has anointed me.
I have been sent as a herald of joy to the humble,To bind up the wounded of heart,To proclaim release to the captives, Liberation to the imprisoned; (2)To proclaim a year of GOD’s favor
And a day of vindication by our God; To comfort all who mourn(3)To provide for the mourners in Zion—
To give them a turban instead of ashes, The festive ointment instead of mourning, A garment of splendor instead of a drooping spirit. They shall be called terebinths of victory, Planted by GOD for glory’s sake.

(יא) וַעֲנָוִ֥ים יִֽירְשׁוּ־אָ֑רֶץ וְ֝הִֽתְעַנְּג֗וּ עַל־רֹ֥ב שָׁלֽוֹם׃

(11)But the lowly shall inherit the land,and delight in abundant well-being.

(כז) יֹאכְל֬וּ עֲנָוִ֨ים ׀ וְיִשְׂבָּ֗עוּ יְהַֽלְל֣וּ יְ֭הֹוָה דֹּ֣רְשָׁ֑יו יְחִ֖י לְבַבְכֶ֣ם לָעַֽד׃

(27)Let the lowly eat and be satisfied; let all who seek GOD give praise.Always be of good cheer!

The difference may lie less in the texts themselves than in a particular theological or political reading of them. In the Hebrew Bible, the poor are blessed because God hears their cry and society must restore them—not because deprivation itself is inherently superior. The goal of the Exodus is not permanent marginality. It is freedom, land, abundance and national flourishing.

(ד) אֶ֕פֶס כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־בְּךָ֖ אֶבְי֑וֹן כִּֽי־בָרֵ֤ךְ יְבָֽרֶכְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹֽתֵן־לְךָ֥ נַחֲלָ֖ה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃

(4) There shall be no needy among you—since the ETERNAL your God will bless you in the land that the ETERNAL your God is giving you as a hereditary portion—

(יא) כִּ֛י לֹא־יֶחְדַּ֥ל אֶבְי֖וֹן מִקֶּ֣רֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פָּ֠תֹ֠חַ תִּפְתַּ֨ח אֶת־יָדְךָ֜ לְאָחִ֧יךָ לַעֲנִיֶּ֛ךָ וּלְאֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּאַרְצֶֽךָ׃ {ס}

(11) For there will never cease to be needy ones in your land, which is why I command you: open your hand to the poor and needy kindred in your land.

(י) וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבֵֽרַכְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ׃

(10) When you have eaten your fill, give thanks to the ETERNAL your God for the good land given to you.

(יב) פֶּן־תֹּאכַ֖ל וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבָתִּ֥ים טֹבִ֛ים תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְיָשָֽׁבְתָּ׃ (יג) וּבְקָֽרְךָ֤ וְצֹֽאנְךָ֙ יִרְבְּיֻ֔ן וְכֶ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב יִרְבֶּה־לָּ֑ךְ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ יִרְבֶּֽה׃ (יד) וְרָ֖ם לְבָבֶ֑ךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ֛ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃

(12) When you have eaten your fill, and have built fine houses to live in, (13) and your herds and flocks have multiplied, and your silver and gold have increased, and everything you own has prospered, (14) beware lest your heart grow haughty and you forget the ETERNAL your God—who freed you from the land of Egypt, the house of bondage;

Friedrich Nietzsche - It was the Jews who, rejecting the aristocratic value equation (good = noble = powerful = beautiful = happy = blessed) ventured, with awe-inspiring consistency, to bring about a reversal and held it in the teeth of the most unfathomable hatred (the hatred of the powerless), saying: ‘Only those who suffer are good, only the poor, the powerless, the lowly are good; the suffering, the deprived, the sick, the ugly, are the only pious people, the only ones saved, salvation is for them alone, whereas you rich, the noble and powerful, you are eternally wicked, cruel, lustful, insatiate, godless, you will also be eternally wretched, cursed and damned!’ . . . We know who became heir to this Jewish revaluation . . . (On the genealogy of morality, 7)
Nietzsche identifies a real danger in one possible reading of the Beatitudes: compassion for the unsuccessful can mutate into resentment of success.
Martin Luther
"The poor in spirit are those who know and feel their spiritual poverty, that they have nothing of their own before God."
"A man will find out that he is so depraved, that no strength, no works, no merits of his own will ever deliver him from his guilt."
"A man will find out that he is so depraved that no strength, no works, no merits of his own will ever deliver him from his guilt. Therefore he must utterly despair of himself and seek outside himself the righteousness of Christ."
"Be a sinner, and sin boldly, but believe and rejoice in Christ even more boldly; for He is victorious over sin, death, and the world. While we are here we must sin. This life is not the dwelling place of righteousness... No sin will separate us from the Lamb, even though we commit fornication and murder a thousand times a day."
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Research of David Flusser
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FLUSSER, D. “Blessed Are the Poor in Spirit...” Israel Exploration Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, 1960, pp. 1–13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27924806.
Christian Socialism
In the New Testament, Jesus identifies himself with the hungry, the poor, the sick, and the prisoners.[27] Matthew 25:31–46 is a major component of Christianity and is considered the cornerstone of Christian socialism. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_socialism
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A progressive movement ceases to be progressive when it becomes embarrassed by progress—when achievement is treated as exploitation, prosperity as moral compromise, resilience as privilege and excellence as exclusion.
"A moral conviction of our time, especially prevalent on the cultural left, is that the powerful are presumptively bad while the powerless are presumptively good. These categories aren't just political. They are also social, economic, ethnic and racial. It's why so many conversations today revolve around the concept of 'privilege'—a striking redefinition of success that removes the presumption of merit from those who have it and the stigma of failure from those who don't." Bret Stephens
The Torah calls us to repair poverty and weakness, not to canonize them. Greatness remains compatible with humility, but neither success nor suffering is, by itself, a measure of righteousness.
The Torah forgives flaws, but it never fetishizes them. It preserves failure without turning failure into merit.
It is morally necessary to recognize what has been suppressed, excluded, traumatized or deprived. But recognition becomes destructive when victimhood is transformed from a condition to overcome into an identity to preserve—or from a claim upon our compassion into a claim of superior wisdom, innocence or authority.
When does acknowledging a candidate’s or leader's imperfections become excusing conduct that should disqualify him?