Shoftim 5786 The cost per kill: Justice, justice shall you pursue
What is the price of a life? What is the abominable thing we are to sweep out from our midst?

(ו) רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמְכַבֵּד אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, גּוּפוֹ מְכֻבָּד עַל הַבְּרִיּוֹת. וְכָל הַמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, גּוּפוֹ מְחֻלָּל עַל הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

(6) Rabbi Yose said: whoever honors the Torah is himself honored by others, and whoever dishonors the Torah is himself dishonored by others.

To begin: I understand that anyone who is "here", reading a commentary on this week's Torah portion, honors and loves the Torah as much as I do. The Torah is our greatest teacher, and we honor our teachers. Thank you for being here and joining me in studying Parashat Shoftim.
"This is the metric no one wants to discuss. How much money does the United States spend to kill a single enemy combatant? The answer reveals a disturbing paradox: as military technology advances, the cost per kill doesn't decrease — it skyrockets."
https://www.warcosts.org/cost-per-kill
As is often my custom in my Torah commentaries, in this study of Parashat Shoftim for 5786 (written on 9 August 2026 | 26 Av 5786 [nearly entering into Elul...]) I shall be braiding together a number of themes:
honoring and love of Torah
pursuing justice (a commandment in this week's parsha)
the cost of a life
"the land" as more than geography
reconciling "pursuing justice" with commandments to commit violence and to kill

(כ) צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽחְיֶה֙ וְיָרַשְׁתָּ֣ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ {ס}

(20) Justice, justice shall you pursue, that you may thrive and occupy the land that the ETERNAL your God is giving you.

We love the first part of this verse, don't we; we see it emblazoned in different places: צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף tzedek, tzedek tirdof: justice / righteousness, justice / righteousness shall you pursue...
who can argue with this commandment?
But don't we also need to come to terms with the second part of this verse:
"so that you may thrive and occupy the land that God is giving you"?
a number of questions arise:
what if we don't pursue justice or righteousness? does the entirety of this verse then mean that there would be a consequence of not thriving and not occupying "the land that God is giving us" if we did not pursue justice?
and speaking of questions: what is "the land that God is giving us"?
I have explored elsewhere, and will continue to do so, whether we can understand "the land the God is giving us" as more than geography. I am far from alone among commentators who have raised this question. What if "the land that God is giving us" is, rather, a spiritual and ethical inheritance, the home that we carry with us and that carries us?

(ח) יְֽהֹוָ֗ה אָ֭הַבְתִּי מְע֣וֹן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מְק֗וֹם מִשְׁכַּ֥ן כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃

(8) O ETERNAL One, I love Your temple abode,the dwelling-place of Your glory.

(ג) הֱיֵ֤ה לִ֨י ׀ לְצ֥וּר מָע֡וֹן לָב֗וֹא תָּמִ֗יד צִוִּ֥יתָ לְהוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי כִּֽי־סַלְעִ֖י וּמְצוּדָתִ֣י אָֽתָּה׃

(3)Be a sheltering rock for me to which I may always repair;decree my deliverance,for You are my rock and my fortress.

Regarding our home / inheritance / dwelling place being non-material and connected to our texts and our connection with the Divine: Near the very end of Pirkei Avot (Pirkei Avot 6:9), we learns in a thought-provoking way about how Torah is our eternal abode: אֵינִי דָר אֶלָּא בִמְקוֹם תּוֹרָה - "I would not dwell anywhere but in a place of Torah".
Now I'd like to turn to the challenging matter, raised in our parsha, of "sweeping evil from our midst". This brings us to another passage in Parashat Shoftim that is difficult to contemplate: the following verses from our parsha contain the idea of "sweeping evil from our midst", which sounds appealing. But see how we are to do it:

(ב) כִּֽי־יִמָּצֵ֤א בְקִרְבְּךָ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ אִ֣ישׁ אוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֶת־הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהֹוָה־אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּרִיתֽוֹ׃ (ג) וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לָהֶ֑ם וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ ׀ א֣וֹ לַיָּרֵ֗חַ א֛וֹ לְכׇל־צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־צִוִּֽיתִי׃ (ד) וְהֻֽגַּד־לְךָ֖ וְשָׁמָ֑עְתָּ וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֣ הֵיטֵ֔ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֱמֶת֙ נָכ֣וֹן הַדָּבָ֔ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֛ה הַתּוֹעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ה) וְהֽוֹצֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֡וּא אוֹ֩ אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֨ה הַהִ֜וא אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שׂ֠וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הָרָ֤ע הַזֶּה֙ אֶל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֶת־הָאִ֕ישׁ א֖וֹ אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וּסְקַלְתָּ֥ם בָּאֲבָנִ֖ים וָמֵֽתוּ׃ (ו) עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עֵדִ֖ים יוּמַ֣ת הַמֵּ֑ת לֹ֣א יוּמַ֔ת עַל־פִּ֖י עֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד׃ (ז) יַ֣ד הָעֵדִ֞ים תִּֽהְיֶה־בּ֤וֹ בָרִאשֹׁנָה֙ לַהֲמִית֔וֹ וְיַ֥ד כׇּל־הָעָ֖ם בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֑ה וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ {פ}

(2) If there is found among you, in one of the settlements that the ETERNAL your God is giving you, a man or woman who has affronted the ETERNAL your God and transgressed the covenant— (3) turning to the worship of other gods and bowing down to them, to the sun or the moon or any of the heavenly host, something I never commanded— (4) and you have been informed or have learned of it, then you shall make a thorough inquiry. If it is true, the fact is established, that abhorrent thing was perpetrated in Israel, (5) you shall take the man or the woman who did that wicked thing out to the public place, and you shall stone them, that man or woman, to death.— (6) A person shall be put to death only on the testimony of two or more witnesses; no one shall be put to death on the testimony of a single witness.— (7) Let the hands of the witnesses be the first to put [the condemned] to death, followed by the hands of the rest of the people. Thus you will sweep out evil from your midst.

I shall not be commenting here on the complex matter of witnesses. What I would like to drawr attention to is the evident necessity of ensuring that there are no "abhorrent things" / "evil-doers" / "idolaters" in the midst of the community. Such people are to be killed. And these members of our community are to be killed... by us, by the very fellow community members who are aware of their abhorrent actions and have accused them.
What are our idols today? What are the abhorrent things that we engage in?
I offer these questions to you, the reader. Hopefully we are particularly inclined to consider such questions as we move into Elul and draw closer to the Yamim Noraim, the days of Awe, the season of self-accounting and teshuvah / repair.
Do we idolize technology? Do we idolize winning? Having the most "followers"? Scoring the most points? Do we idolize our digital lives? AI? A political dogma? Gold or silver? Flags or ballrooms or arches or reflectling pools? Do we idolize the idea that lives are not equivalent? That if I was born here, and you were born there, then my life is of more value than yours?
Surely some of these problematic, idolized or fetishized ideas need to be interrogated and challenged. Similarly - surely - in mid-2026 / in late 5786, we can't cleave to the idea that the way to confront false ideas is to murder those who endorse them - can we?

כִּדְתַנְיָא: ״צֶדֶק צֶדֶק תִּרְדֹּף״ – אֶחָד לְדִין וְאֶחָד לִפְשָׁרָה. כֵּיצַד? שְׁתֵּי סְפִינוֹת עוֹבְרוֹת בַּנָּהָר וּפָגְעוּ זֶה בָּזֶה, אִם עוֹבְרוֹת שְׁתֵּיהֶן – שְׁתֵּיהֶן טוֹבְעוֹת, בְּזֶה אַחַר זֶה – שְׁתֵּיהֶן עוֹבְרוֹת. וְכֵן שְׁנֵי גְּמַלִּים שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹלִים בְּמַעֲלוֹת בֵּית חוֹרוֹן וּפָגְעוּ זֶה בָּזֶה, אִם עָלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן – שְׁנֵיהֶן נוֹפְלִין, בְּזֶה אַחַר זֶה – שְׁנֵיהֶן עוֹלִין.

As it is taught in a baraita: When the verse states: “Justice, justice, shall you follow,” one mention of “justice” is stated with regard to judgment and one is stated with regard to compromise. How so? Where there are two boats traveling on the river and they encounter each other, if both of them attempt to pass, both of them sink, as the river is not wide enough for both to pass. If they pass one after the other, both of them pass. And similarly, where there are two camels who were ascending the ascent of Beit Ḥoron, where there is a narrow steep path, and they encounter each other, if both of them attempt to ascend, both of them fall. If they ascend one after the other, both of them ascend.

To conclude: how can we, today, pursue justice and righteousness? What is the "cost per kill" to each of us, to our individual and collective psyches, when we live in a society that routinely commits or assists mass violence?
What does pursuing justice and righteousness mean for you?
And what is your expectation of the benefits that will accrue to you when you deeply engage with this pursuit?
Do you have the expectation that "evil can be swept from our midst"? Similarly to the instantaneous swallowing by the earth of Korach and his associates, I suggest that difficult inner contents - unconscious, shadow material - cannot be simply "swept away" or "disappeared". It must be metabolized, encountered, dealt with. It is part of us.
Please see, among others, these earlier commentaries I have shared here on Sefaria:
Please see also my previous commentaries on Parashat Shoftim:
My purpose is to ask these questions. Each of us must answer for ourselves.

(ד) וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹֽא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ {פ}

(4)Thus [God] will judge among the nations

And arbitrate for the many peoples,

And they shall beat their swords into plowshares

And their spears into pruning hooks:

Nation shall not take upSword against nation;

They shall never again know war.